The five great monarchies of the ancient eastern world; or, The history, geography, and antiquites of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, and Persia . uphrates, about twenty milesabove Babylon by the direct route; and Duraba,now Akkerkuf, on the Saklawiyeh canal, six milesfrom Baghdad, and thirty from Mosaib, in a directiona little west of north. Ihi or Ahava, is j^robablyHit, ninety miles above Mosaib, on the right bank ofthe river; Chilmad may be Kalwadha, near Bagh-dad ; and Eubesi is perhaps Zerghul, near the leftbank of the Shat-el-Hie, a little above its confluencewith the Euphrates. Chal


The five great monarchies of the ancient eastern world; or, The history, geography, and antiquites of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, and Persia . uphrates, about twenty milesabove Babylon by the direct route; and Duraba,now Akkerkuf, on the Saklawiyeh canal, six milesfrom Baghdad, and thirty from Mosaib, in a directiona little west of north. Ihi or Ahava, is j^robablyHit, ninety miles above Mosaib, on the right bank ofthe river; Chilmad may be Kalwadha, near Bagh-dad ; and Eubesi is perhaps Zerghul, near the leftbank of the Shat-el-Hie, a little above its confluencewith the Euphrates. Chaldgean cities appear like-wise to have existed at Hymar, ten miles from Ba-bylon towards the east; at Sherifeh and Im Khithr,south and south-east of Hymar ; at Zibbliyeh,^ on the ^^ Layard, Nineveh and Babylon, I the remains here are of a later date,p. 569. Mr. Loftus suggests that \ (Chaldcea and Suskma, p. 85.) Sh- 28 THE FIRST MONARCHY. Chap. I. line of the Nil canal, fifteen miles north-west ofNiffer; at Delayhim and Bismiya, in the Affejniarshes, beyond Niffer, to the soutli-east; at Pharaand Jidr, in the same region, to the south-west and. Akkerkuf. south-east of Bismiya; at Hammam, sixteen milessouth-east of Phara, between the Affej and the Shatramarshes; at Tel-Ede, six miles from Hammam, tothe south-south-west; at Tel-Medineli and Tel-Sifr,in the Shatra marshes, to the south-east of Tel-Edeand the north-east of Senkereh ; at Yokha, east of H. Rawlinson regards the existingbuildings at Akkcirkuf and Hammamas also of the Parthian age, thoughoccupying the sites of earlier (hal-dasan cities. Hammam is thought to be theGulaba of the Cuneiform Inscriii-tions (Loftus, p. 113); but thisidentification is uncertain. Chap. I. SECONDARY CITIES. 29 Hamman, and jSTuifdyji, nortli of Warka; at Le-tliami, near Niffer ; at Iskhuriyeli, north of Zibbliyeh,near the Tigris; at Tel Kheir and Iel Dhalab, in theupper part of the alluvium, to the north of Akkerkuf;at Duair, on the right bank o


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