. Electric railway journal . extratimber was added to this to take the wear and toprovide for renewal. Still later wrought-iron bars werelaid on the incline, gradually being improved in form and eventually developing into a railway or tramwaybuilt of flange rails and edge rails of cast iron andwrought iron. According to Mr. Bland the first American tramwaywas opened in 1832 from New York to Harlem, but itwas not popular. Twenty years later the tramway ideawas revived by M. Lubat, a French engineer. He rolledthe first grooved rail, which went by the name of thegutter rail. The diagrams contain
. Electric railway journal . extratimber was added to this to take the wear and toprovide for renewal. Still later wrought-iron bars werelaid on the incline, gradually being improved in form and eventually developing into a railway or tramwaybuilt of flange rails and edge rails of cast iron andwrought iron. According to Mr. Bland the first American tramwaywas opened in 1832 from New York to Harlem, but itwas not popular. Twenty years later the tramway ideawas revived by M. Lubat, a French engineer. He rolledthe first grooved rail, which went by the name of thegutter rail. The diagrams contain sections of theoriginal rails used in New York and later in step rail used in Philadelphia was followed by arail 8 in. wide used in New York in 1886. The steprail has always been a favorite with American engineersand three sections up to 9 in. high are shown. Thesections also include four new ones proposed by theAmerican Electric Railway Engineering Association,but at the present time there is considerable discua-. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRAMWAY RAIL IN GREAT BRITAIN AS SHOWN BY SECTIONS ARRANGED IN HISTORICAL ORDER December 28, 1918 Electric Railway Journal 1145 sion in the Electric Railway Journal upon the meritsand demerits of the step rail, as against the Trilby railalready standardized. In the group of sections of English rails there areshown the step rail originally used at Birkenhead in1860 and a tram rail laid in the Marble Arch in Londonin 1861. Later than this no step rails were used inEngland. In 1863 a new form of rail, as shown, wasused at Landport and Southsea, which after many yearsof service was replaced with the grooved rail. Mr. Bland said that in 1870 Liverpool adopted thegrooved rail, and Glasgow and London followed in popular form of rail next in order was the boxsection, used in Liverpool, Sheffield, Hull, Glasgow andelsewhere. Some reversible rails were also tried inLondon and in Yorkshire but they were not began the
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