. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Paracheirodon Relationships • Weitzman and Fink 347. Figure 1. Adult live Paracheirodon simulans, female above, SL mm, male below, SL mm, USNM 216973. putative relatives) and cypriniforms (Cy- prinidae and related fishes) display fea- tures presumably associated with small size. Both groups are currently the sub- jects of primarily typological classifica- tions and subjective evolutionary system- atic approaches. Understanding of their relationships would be greatly enhanced by phylogenetic analyses. A HISTO
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Paracheirodon Relationships • Weitzman and Fink 347. Figure 1. Adult live Paracheirodon simulans, female above, SL mm, male below, SL mm, USNM 216973. putative relatives) and cypriniforms (Cy- prinidae and related fishes) display fea- tures presumably associated with small size. Both groups are currently the sub- jects of primarily typological classifica- tions and subjective evolutionary system- atic approaches. Understanding of their relationships would be greatly enhanced by phylogenetic analyses. A HISTORY OF THE NEON TETRA PROBLEM The neon tetras (Figs. 1-3) are three species of small, brilliantly colored fresh- water fishes from South America that have come to the attention of ichthyologists through the aquarium trade. Gery (1960b: 9-13 and 1963: 14) assigned each species to a different genus and referred two of the species to one characid subfamily and the third to another as follows: Hyphes- sobrycon simulans Gery, the green neon, was placed in the Tetragonopterinae (Gery, 1963: 70-71), while Cheirodon ax- elrodi Schultz, the cardinal tetra, and Par- acheirodon innesi (Myers), the neon tetra, were placed in the Cheirodontinae (Gery, 1960b: 9-13). Although the last two species are well known and kept in aquar- ia by millions of people because of their intense red and green to blue life colors, all three species remain poorly studied by ichthyologists. In our view former hypoth- eses concerning their relationships can be rejected both by a reevaluation of evi- dence provided by former authors and by new evidence presented here. We propose that the three "neon tetras" form a mono- phyletic group, represented by the genus. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Harvard University. Museu
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