. The student's American history . ry. Quarrels sprang up about foreign and domestic trade. NewEngland wished to exclude all exports and imports by Britishships, but the Southern States, having no ships of their own,demanded why they should be asked to give the monopoly ofthe carrying trade to the North.^^^ The States which had no seaports had to pay tolls to theStates where the goods were received. New Jersey was, likea cask, tapped at both ends ; it paid toll at New York andat Philadelphia. North Carolina was in a similar predicament. New York laid a tax on the New Jersey and Connecticutmark
. The student's American history . ry. Quarrels sprang up about foreign and domestic trade. NewEngland wished to exclude all exports and imports by Britishships, but the Southern States, having no ships of their own,demanded why they should be asked to give the monopoly ofthe carrying trade to the North.^^^ The States which had no seaports had to pay tolls to theStates where the goods were received. New Jersey was, likea cask, tapped at both ends ; it paid toll at New York andat Philadelphia. North Carolina was in a similar predicament. New York laid a tax on the New Jersey and Connecticutmarket-boats. New Jersey retaliated by taxing the light-housewhich New York had built at Sandy Hook on the Jersey towns took their revenge by boycotting New York,and refusing to send any more butter, eggs, and early vegetablesto that city.*™ 242. Scarcity of Specie ; Shayss rebellion (1786). — Mean-while the whole country was distressed by the need of hardmoney. There was no mint; and, with the exception of a few. 1786-1787.] THE REVOLUTION, THE CONSTITUTION. 2I3 coppers, known as Franklin pennies, Congress had neverissued any coins. There was an abundance of soft money,which both Congress and the States were generally sending outas fast as the printing press could manufacture it; but, unfortu-nately, this paper money was of uncertain value, and was dailygrowing to be of no value at all. This dearth of specie bore down with especial severity onMassachusetts. The taxes averaged, it is said, $200 a year forthe head of every family throughout the State. The farmerswere poor, and many of them could with difificulty scrapetogether $50 in cash in the course of a twelvemonth. Largenumbers were deeply in debt, and many saw their cattle seizedand their homesteads sold by foreclosure of mortgages to satisfyinexorable creditors. The situation gradually became desperate — especially in thewestern part of the State. Excited crowds declared that allproperty ought to be he
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