The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . The Peninsular War. — Portugal refused to confiscateEnglish vessels in her ports. Thereupon Napoleon proposed toSpain a division of Portu-gal, a promise he neverintended to keep, marchedhis armies through Spaininto Portugal, and occu-pied that country. Shortlyafterward, profiting by afamily quarrel in the royalhouse of Spain, he de-posed the Bourbon dynastythere and placed his ownbrother Joseph on theSpanish throne. But theproud and patriotic Span-iards rose against the ty-rant. Here Napoleon h
The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . The Peninsular War. — Portugal refused to confiscateEnglish vessels in her ports. Thereupon Napoleon proposed toSpain a division of Portu-gal, a promise he neverintended to keep, marchedhis armies through Spaininto Portugal, and occu-pied that country. Shortlyafterward, profiting by afamily quarrel in the royalhouse of Spain, he de-posed the Bourbon dynastythere and placed his ownbrother Joseph on theSpanish throne. But theproud and patriotic Span-iards rose against the ty-rant. Here Napoleon hadto deal with a new he had warredagainst governments, and had dictated peace when the rulers were in his power; now, forthe first time, he had to fight with a people in arms. As usualhe won several brilliant victories. But they merely transferredthe struggle from one quarter to another. Organized bandsunder independent leaders attacked the French wherever theyfound them. The War in the Peninsula was a severe strain onhis resources. England seized the opportunity, too, and sent. Napoleon toward the close of his rule. 584 THE FRENCH EMPIRE [§603 supplies and an army under her best general, Arthur Wellesley(later Duke of Wellington), to support the peninsular struggle continued to the end of Napoleons career. Longafter, at St. Helena, he declared that it was really the Spanishwar that ruined him. 603. The War of 1809 with Austria. — The rising of theSpaniards encouraged the emperor of Austria, Francis I, toattempt the recovery of his lost possessions (§ 598) and toextricate himself from his perilous position between two powerfulfoes, France and Russia. On April 6, 1809, he declared people of Austria answered his appeal with eager enthu-siasm, but the rest of the German states kept aloof. Only thefaithful Tyrolese mountaineers under the leadership of thenoble peasant, Andreas Hofer, rose to fight for reunion with theirbeloved Hapsburg rulers
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