. Handbook of ornament; a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches, for practical as well as theoretical use. 3). Itis self-evident that Lanterns must be so arranged that they can beopened for cleaning, &c. Plate 218. The Pendant-lajip. 1. Old Moorish, iron. United collections, Carlsruhe. 2. Mediaeval, wrought-iron, for several candles, German, (Pormen-schatz). 3. French, Hotel Vogue, Dijon, 17th century, (Lart pour tous). 4. Modern, for Electric glow-light, by Peter, of Esslingen, (Ge-werbehalle). 5—6. Modern, (Gewerbehalle). The Chandelier. (Plate 219.) The
. Handbook of ornament; a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches, for practical as well as theoretical use. 3). Itis self-evident that Lanterns must be so arranged that they can beopened for cleaning, &c. Plate 218. The Pendant-lajip. 1. Old Moorish, iron. United collections, Carlsruhe. 2. Mediaeval, wrought-iron, for several candles, German, (Pormen-schatz). 3. French, Hotel Vogue, Dijon, 17th century, (Lart pour tous). 4. Modern, for Electric glow-light, by Peter, of Esslingen, (Ge-werbehalle). 5—6. Modern, (Gewerbehalle). The Chandelier. (Plate 219.) The arrangement, of a considerable number of lights in circularform on a framework intended for suspension, led to the constructionof the Chandelier. In the Middle Ages: the lights were all placedin the same plane so that they formed a ring (fig. 2); the Re-nascence secured greater richness and variety of design by a numberof rings, an arrangement which has usually been retained in ourmodern Chandeliers (fig. 3 and 4). Further variety is attained bythe alternation of the lights in the different rings. Wroucrht - iron 374 METAL Plate 218. The Pendant-Lamp. The Chandelier. — The Modem Lamp. 375 and bronze, along with glass (Venetian chandeliers), and of late yearscheap cast-iron, and zinc, are the chief materials. Original, and uni-que in design is the mermaid chandelier consisting of female half-figures terminating in fish-tails, and furnished with antlers to carrythe candles (fig. 1). The slender chains by which these mer-maids, and other lamps and lanterns, were suspended, are replaced inmodern chandeliers by a tube which also serves as a gas-pipe. Inthe former case the chain was carried over pulleys so that the lightcould be shifted higher or lower; in modern chandeliers the adjust-ment is effected by means of a stuffing-box with balance weights(fig. 7). Very frequently the lower end of the Chandelier terminatesin a ring, to facilitate the change in height. In addit
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