. The physiology of domestic animals ... Physiology, Comparative; Veterinary physiology. VOMITING. 331 VII. VOMITING. By vomiting is meant the convulsive rejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. It differs from rumination in that in most cases it is a pathological and not a normal process, and that the ejected matter usually escapes from the mouth, and is not again swal- lowed. In certain animals, however, as in carnivorous birds and fishes, vomiting constitutes the normal method by which indigestible sub- stances are removed from the stomach; thus birds readily reject the c
. The physiology of domestic animals ... Physiology, Comparative; Veterinary physiology. VOMITING. 331 VII. VOMITING. By vomiting is meant the convulsive rejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. It differs from rumination in that in most cases it is a pathological and not a normal process, and that the ejected matter usually escapes from the mouth, and is not again swal- lowed. In certain animals, however, as in carnivorous birds and fishes, vomiting constitutes the normal method by which indigestible sub- stances are removed from the stomach; thus birds readily reject the contents of their crop, and the matter so rejected is often, as in the case of pigeons, used for nourishing their young. Fish, amphibia, and reptiles readily vomit through the contrac- tions of their stomachs, and by this means indigestible matters are removed. In frogs this process occurs frequently in June and July, and then is of less fre- quent occurrence as the winter approaches, and when they pass into their state of hibernation in January and February is entirely wanting. Among mammals there exists the greatest difference in the degree of readiness with which vomiting occurs, the car- nivora and most omnivora vomit- ing with the greatest readiness, although the pig with difficulty empties its stomach by vomiting. The monogastric herbivora vomit very rarely, and then only with the greatest difficulty. This differ- ence in the degree of facility with which vomiting takes place is due to the formation of the stomach and the character of the aliments which it contains. In mammals, which vomit readily, as Colin has pointed out, the stomach is simple, and the oesophagus is inserted toward the left extremity of the* stomach far from the pylorus. The oesophagus has thin, extensible walls, with an infundibular dilation at its insertion in the stomach (Fig. 142). In animals which do not vomit the stomach may be either simple or have several compartments, the cardiac orifice, in the
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