. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. ng Plants of California. Bull-249, University of California Agricultural Experiment Station, 1915, p. 232.) all the other species mentioned above are western American (Fig. 23), afew extending into the eastern United States. As the cattle ranges ofwestern America, as in California, include habitats such as moist meadows,gulches, borders of springs, or ponds, open hillsides, sparsely forestedareas and the open steppes, we find the species varying with the habitatconditions, and
. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. ng Plants of California. Bull-249, University of California Agricultural Experiment Station, 1915, p. 232.) all the other species mentioned above are western American (Fig. 23), afew extending into the eastern United States. As the cattle ranges ofwestern America, as in California, include habitats such as moist meadows,gulches, borders of springs, or ponds, open hillsides, sparsely forestedareas and the open steppes, we find the species varying with the habitatconditions, and with this we find that next to the loco weed, the larkspursare the most harmful and poisonous of the plants found on the openranges (Fig. 24). DICOTYLEDONS AS POISONOUS PLANTS 6l Poisonous Principles.—Not all of the species have been studiedfor their poisonous constituents, but there have been found in D. consolidaand D. staphisagria the alkaloids delphinin C22H35O6N extremely poi-sonous and with a bitter taste; delphisin C22H33NO5 poisonous; delp-hinoidin C42H68N2O7 poisonous and staphisagrin. Delphinin has a. Fig. 22-—Pass Creek Park, Colo., with low larksptir {Delphinium Menziesii) inblossom. {After Marsh, C. Dwight, Clawson, A. B., and Marsh, Hadleigh: LarkspurPoisoning of Live Stock, Bulletin 3657, U. S. Department of Agriculture, September 8, 1916,Plate III.) local irritative action. Its systemic action is mainly paralytic on theheart and respiration and resembles that of aconitin in many mortem examination in poisoning by mouth with this body showedmarked reddening of the stomach. Recently in a number of Van Praagsexperiments with feeding solutions of Delphinium-a marked increase inurinarv secretion was noted. 62 PASTORAL AND AGEICULTURAL BOTANY Recently also Delphinium hicolor, D. Menziesii, and D. Nelsoniihave been found to yield an alkaloid, delphocurarin, which has been in-troduced as a substitute for curare in vivisection work, and this introduc-ti
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