. Types and market classes of live stock. , humerus, the radius and ulna are enclosedin heavy muscles which move them. There are no musclesabout the knee and the parts below. Instead, long tendons passdown from the muscles above, thus connecting the power withthe levers of the lower part of the limb. Hence there are onlybones and tendons below the forearm, together with somevery important ligaments which hold the bones in proper re-lation to one another. These ligaments are very strong elasticcords. The lower limb moves when the muscles exert a pullon their tendons, which are likewise strong a
. Types and market classes of live stock. , humerus, the radius and ulna are enclosedin heavy muscles which move them. There are no musclesabout the knee and the parts below. Instead, long tendons passdown from the muscles above, thus connecting the power withthe levers of the lower part of the limb. Hence there are onlybones and tendons below the forearm, together with somevery important ligaments which hold the bones in proper re-lation to one another. These ligaments are very strong elasticcords. The lower limb moves when the muscles exert a pullon their tendons, which are likewise strong and elastic. Thetendons and ligaments of the fore limb are shown in the ac-companying drawing. The long ligament from fetlock toknee is the suspensory ligament. It supports the fetlock. Anatomy of the Hind Limb. The hind limb consists of the femur (or thigh bone) whichis the largest in the body and articulates below with the tibiaand also with the patella (or knee cap). The hock is composed -tibia caVcarvevAS astragalustarsals Caror\Fig. _5p\int-borie Hock. of six bones which may be divided into two sets, each having apurpose of its own. One group of four small bones (tarsals),arranged in two rows and resting on the head of the cannon,are united together and to adjacent bones by short, powerfulligaments, and so close is the union that the movement of one Types and Market Classes of Live Stock 307 bone upon another is reduced to a simple gliding action ofvery limited degree. Though slight, this movement is of muchimportance in breaking the jar communicated to this joint inthe act of progression. Above the small tarsal bones are twolarger bones, the astragalus and calcaneus, as shown in the ac-companying drawing. To the calcaneus is attached the strong tendon known asthe tendon of Achilles. By means of it the muscles aboveexert a powerful pull upon the hock joint, producing extensionof the joint. This is the principal means of the horses pro-pulsion. The knob-like end of the calca
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