France: Jules François Camille Ferry (5 April 1832 - 17 March 1893) Prime Minister of France (r. 1880-1881, r. 1883-1885). Photo by Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (6 April 1820 - 20 March 1910), c. 1880s. After the military defeat of France by Germany in 1870, Ferry formed the idea of acquiring a great colonial empire, principally for the sake of economic exploitation. In a speech before the Chamber of Deputies on 28 July 1885, he declared that 'the superior races have a right because they have a duty: it is their duty to civilise the inferior races'.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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