. Bell telephone magazine . conditioned to a definitetemperature and humidity. The in-struments include devices for meas-uring opacity, brightness, light reflec-tion, tearing, folding and tensilestrengths, smoothness, stiffness, acid-ity, and degree of permanence. Agroup of these instruments is shownon the opposite page. Substantial advances have likewisebeen made in the technology of papermanufacture and in the design ofequipment to control better the proc-essing operations to produce paper ofmore uniform quality. These devel-opments have recently permitted thepreparation of written specifica
. Bell telephone magazine . conditioned to a definitetemperature and humidity. The in-struments include devices for meas-uring opacity, brightness, light reflec-tion, tearing, folding and tensilestrengths, smoothness, stiffness, acid-ity, and degree of permanence. Agroup of these instruments is shownon the opposite page. Substantial advances have likewisebeen made in the technology of papermanufacture and in the design ofequipment to control better the proc-essing operations to produce paper ofmore uniform quality. These devel-opments have recently permitted thepreparation of written specificationsfor the purchase of paper, defining thestandard grades in terms of specifictest requirements covering composi-tion, strength, opacity, finish, etc. Itis no longer necessary for the WesternElectric Company, in its purchasingand delivery inspection work, to de-pend entirely on samples, which maydeteriorate in storage to the extent offailing to represent the qualitiesdesired. / !) // 0 Standardizing Business Papers 14^ P. PAPER TESTING INSTRUMENTS Shown here are some of the devices used in establishing and maintaining the desiredstandards for Bell System business papers When paper standardization hadbeen completed, the A. T. and T. en-gineers were ready to assist the Asso-ciated Companies in converting theirplain and printed papers to the stand-ard grades. The possibilities of effect-ing economies in printing as well asin paper were developed by the tech-nical men in the course of theirinvestigations regarding qualities ofpaper necessary for satisfactory print-ing. These pertained to the manyfeatures of form design that contributeto printing economy. Since approxi-mately 75 per cent of all stationerypapers used by the Bell System areconverted to printed forms, the po- tentialities for savings on this phaseof the work were substantial. Aiding the Bell Companies 1 HE telephone companies naturallywelcomed expert assistance in the sur-vey of their business papers. All ofthe many
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