. Rome : its rise and fall ; a text-book for high schools and colleges. dred thousand of the poorercitizens of the capital. With a liberality that astonishedand offended many, headmitted to the senatesons of freedmen, andparticularly representa-tive men from amongthe Gauls, and conferredupon individual provin-cials, and upon entireclasses and communitiesin the provinces, thepartial or full rights ofthe His actionhere marks an epoch inthe history of immunities and priv-ileges of the city hadnever hitherto been con-ferred, save in exceptional cases, upon any peoples otherthan th
. Rome : its rise and fall ; a text-book for high schools and colleges. dred thousand of the poorercitizens of the capital. With a liberality that astonishedand offended many, headmitted to the senatesons of freedmen, andparticularly representa-tive men from amongthe Gauls, and conferredupon individual provin-cials, and upon entireclasses and communitiesin the provinces, thepartial or full rights ofthe His actionhere marks an epoch inthe history of immunities and priv-ileges of the city hadnever hitherto been con-ferred, save in exceptional cases, upon any peoples otherthan those of the Italian race. Caesar threw the gates ofthe city wide open to the non-Italian peoples of theprovinces. Thus was foreshadowed the day when all freemen throughout the whole empire should be Roman inname and privilege (par. 233). One of the most important of all Caesars laws was thatknown as the Lex Julia Municipalis (45 ), whose aim 10 Caesars most sweeping measure of enfranchisement was the admis-sion to the city of all the inhabitants of Cisalpine Julius C^sar. (From a bust in the Museum at Naples.) 300 ROME AS A REPUBLIC. was to bring order and uniformity into the municipal sys-tem (par. 167), and to develop a more vigorous civic lifein the municipal towns of Italy. The law draws a distinctline between the matters that shall be left in the hands ofthe local authorities and those that shall be retained bythe general government. All the municipal governmentsorganized after this, whether in towns in Italy or in theprovinces, conformed to the principles embodied in thisimportant constitutional measure. As pontifex maximus, Caesar reformed the calendar soas to bring the festivals once more in their proper seasons,and provided against further confusion by making theyear consist of 365 days, with an added day for everyfourth or leap year. This is what is called the Besides these achievements, Caesar projected many vastundertakings which the abru
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