Decisive battles since Waterloo : the most important military events from 1815 to 1887 . rates in their art. Spain, Holland, England,Austria, and the United States of America were amongthe tributary nations ; as late as 1805, all these countriespaid tribute to the dey as a condition of not beingmolested, a condition, it is needless to say, that wasspeedily violated. In 1816 England sent a fleet under Lord Exmouthto compel the liberation of British subjects that were thenheld in slavery. The dey refused to listen to terms, andthe result was the bombardment of Algiers, the destruc-tion of its fl
Decisive battles since Waterloo : the most important military events from 1815 to 1887 . rates in their art. Spain, Holland, England,Austria, and the United States of America were amongthe tributary nations ; as late as 1805, all these countriespaid tribute to the dey as a condition of not beingmolested, a condition, it is needless to say, that wasspeedily violated. In 1816 England sent a fleet under Lord Exmouthto compel the liberation of British subjects that were thenheld in slavery. The dey refused to listen to terms, andthe result was the bombardment of Algiers, the destruc-tion of its fleet and forts, and the conclusion of a treatyby which Christian slavery should forever cease in thedominions of the dey, all slaves then in bondage were tobe liberated immediately, all money received for the ran-som of slaves since the beginning of the year was tobe returned, and the British consul who had been put inirons was to receive reparation and an apology. But inspite of the treaty, piracy and slavery continued, and aftera fresh rupture with England in 1824, which was patched. PIAAT OF THE FORTIFICATIONSOF THE City of Algiers /84-0 67 68 DECISIVE BATTLES SINCE WATERLOO. up in a manner disgraceful to the latter, the insolence ofthe Algerian authorities was without limit, and theyregarded treaties as of no more consequence than somany sheets of waste paper. During the Napoleonic wars, the Dey of Algiers sup-plied grain for the use of the French armies ; it wasbought by merchants of Marseilles, and there was a dis-pute about the matter which was unsettled as late as1829. Several instalments had been paid; the deydemanded payment in full according to his own figures,while the French government, believing the demand ex-cessive, required an investigation. In one of the numer-ous debates on the subject, Hussein Pasha, the reigningdey, became very angry, struck the consul with a fan,and ordered him out of the house. He refused all repara-tion for the insult, even on the formal
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