Operative surgery . tients is manual, and may require not less than four assistants for proper exe-cution (Fig. 1). The hands nearest to the head of the patient, of the assist-ants, should be placed respectively on the shoulders and pelvis of the patient,and the disengaged hands should grasp correspondingly the upper and lowerextremities of the respective sides of the body. When thus arranged thecontrol of a resisting patient with a minimum outlay of strength is readilyattained. A rational control, instead of an absolute confinement of the pa-tients efforts by any physical means, is the wiser
Operative surgery . tients is manual, and may require not less than four assistants for proper exe-cution (Fig. 1). The hands nearest to the head of the patient, of the assist-ants, should be placed respectively on the shoulders and pelvis of the patient,and the disengaged hands should grasp correspondingly the upper and lowerextremities of the respective sides of the body. When thus arranged thecontrol of a resisting patient with a minimum outlay of strength is readilyattained. A rational control, instead of an absolute confinement of the pa-tients efforts by any physical means, is the wiser and safer plan. At allevents, the operating surgeon should not tax his muscular strength and nervecommand in the efforts to restrain a rebellious patient, for obvious reasons. 12 OPERATIVE SURGERY. Coughing and swallowing in the early stages of anaesthesia indicate thatthe vapor is too strong, therefore it should be temporarily modified in in-tensity by the admission of air. If coughing, swallowing, or vomiting hap-. PiG. 1.—A method of restraint. pen during the later stages of anaesthesia, it indicates returning consciousness, due to the employment of an inadequate amount of the ansesthetic, anda prompt increase is demanded in order to avoid the annoyance and delayincident to vomiting. Eepeated acts of swallowing during the later stagesof anaesthesia are often followed promptly by vomiting, hence the ansestheticshould be pushed at once to avoid this unpleasant result. How to prepare the Adfninistrator of an Anmsthetic.—Often, indeed,too little importance is attached to the giving of an anaesthetic. This postof responsibility is slighted when it is permitted to be occupied by one not THE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 13 thoroughly competent to judge promptly and accurately of the effects ofanaesthetics, and qualified to apply at once the necessary means to neutralizeany unfavorable influences caused by them. The common custom of mosthospitals in this coun-try assigns the givingof
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