Church and conventual arrangement With copious references, a complete glossary, and an index And illustrated by a series of ground-plans and plates of the arrangements of churches in different countries and at successive periods, and of the conventual plans adopted by the various orders . hcentury. There were originally two at the west end, andthen a third was added over the crossing. In Germany, in adouble-apsidal church, there were often six, one over eachtransept and four ranged round the angles of the central partof the building, near the apses. In France a central and twowest towers were
Church and conventual arrangement With copious references, a complete glossary, and an index And illustrated by a series of ground-plans and plates of the arrangements of churches in different countries and at successive periods, and of the conventual plans adopted by the various orders . hcentury. There were originally two at the west end, andthen a third was added over the crossing. In Germany, in adouble-apsidal church, there were often six, one over eachtransept and four ranged round the angles of the central partof the building, near the apses. In France a central and twowest towers were St. Andrea, Vercelli, has fourtowers, two at the west end, one of the south transept,and a central octagon. Pope Stephen III. in 770, built abell-tower, but such an addition was extremely rare untilthe ninth century; and the first Lombardic towers were amere succession of One of the time of Justinian, a circular building, wasattached to St. Apollinaris ad Classem, at Verona; twoancient round towers are found at Verona, one dating from 1 Williss Holy City, pp. 278, 289. 2 Kiddle, vi. ch. v. § 5. 3 Hope, i. ch. xxiv. p. 243 ; Yiollet le Due, iii. Viollet le Due, Clocher; Lenoir, i. 314, ii. 38, 61, Abec. de lArch. Eel. pp. 102-5. 6 lb. p. Towers. 1047 ; others at Ravenna, and Pisa; another, of the same date,remains at Bury, near Beauvais; a sixth, of a later period, atSt. Desert, near Chalons-sur-Saone; while square towers arefound in Italy in the eighth and ninth centuries, as at and St. Johns, Rome; and one at Porto, near Rome,built Towers—originally built in the close, as at Verona and Tor-cello ; and before the church doors, as at St. Maria Toscanellaand St. Lorenzo, in Italy; and flanking the west front as atSt. Ambrose, Milan; however, never forming integral parts ofthe design—were at length attached to the west front of thechurch, singly, as at Lyons, St. Martin at Tours, Poissy, , Puy, Lim
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