. The steam-engine and other heat-motors . W2, Wz, W4, W5 represent the weight of the gases 486 THE STEAM-ENGINE AND OTHER HEAT-MOTORS present, and Ci, C2, C3, C4, C5 represent the proper specific heats,then H = (W1C1 + W2C2 + W3C3 + W 4C4 + W5C5)T, where H = total heat of combustion,!T = rise in temperature. It is evident if W± and W5 represent gases that were notor could not be burned that the resulting rise in temperaturewould be very much less than it would have been had they beenabsent. Thus, when gases are burned in air the necessity ofraising the temperature of the non-combustible nitro
. The steam-engine and other heat-motors . W2, Wz, W4, W5 represent the weight of the gases 486 THE STEAM-ENGINE AND OTHER HEAT-MOTORS present, and Ci, C2, C3, C4, C5 represent the proper specific heats,then H = (W1C1 + W2C2 + W3C3 + W 4C4 + W5C5)T, where H = total heat of combustion,!T = rise in temperature. It is evident if W± and W5 represent gases that were notor could not be burned that the resulting rise in temperaturewould be very much less than it would have been had they beenabsent. Thus, when gases are burned in air the necessity ofraising the temperature of the non-combustible nitrogen decreasesvery materially the possible rise in temperature of the wholemixture. Producer-gas (Figs. 255, 256, and 257).—In the gas-producerair passes in and burrs part of the fuel—coal or coke—into Fig. The nitrogen of the air and the C02 rise, and the latter, if thetemperature is high enough, may break up into 2(CO). Verylittle use could be made of this CO on account of the large amountof inert nitrogen that accompanies it. Suppose, however, we blow steam on the red-hot coals also,the steam will be decomposed, thus: C+H20 = CO+2H. The CO obtained in this way is unaccompanied by inert nitro-gen, but, on the contrary, carries with it a large percentage of Hwhich has high calorific power. Evidently the more steam thatis decomposed the better, but it requires heat to decompose thesteam and this heat must be supplied by the heat evolved whenthe air unites with carbon to form carbon monoxide. The rela-tion that exists between the amount of CO formed by the air- GAS-ENGINES AND GAS-PRODUCERS. 487 burned carbon and that formed by the steam-burned carbonis, theoretically, that of equality as indicated below. In the formula C+H20 = CO+2H we may say that 2 poundsof H and 16 pounds o
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