. A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians . _ Fig. 34.—Schema to show the unipolar method of stimulation in man. The anode,+, is represented as the stimulating pole, applied over the median nerve. The cathode,—, is the indifferent pole. with the skin each is covered with cotton or chamois skin keptmoistened with a dilute saline solution. Motor Points.—By means of the unipolar method nearly everyvoluntary muscle of the body may be stimulated separately. Allthat is necessary, when the induced current is used, is to bring theactive electrode as nearly as possible over the
. A text-book of physiology : for medical students and physicians . _ Fig. 34.—Schema to show the unipolar method of stimulation in man. The anode,+, is represented as the stimulating pole, applied over the median nerve. The cathode,—, is the indifferent pole. with the skin each is covered with cotton or chamois skin keptmoistened with a dilute saline solution. Motor Points.—By means of the unipolar method nearly everyvoluntary muscle of the body may be stimulated separately. Allthat is necessary, when the induced current is used, is to bring theactive electrode as nearly as possible over the spot at which themuscle receives its motor branch. A diagram showing these motorpoints for the arm is given in Fig. 35. In the same way the 92 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE. nerves of the brachial plexus and other nerve trunks may. bestimulated very readily through the skin. When the inductioncurrent is used no distinction is made between the cathodic andanodic effects. When, however, the battery current is employed Kctv vlnaris j. M. deltoideos Nerv, musculocutaneu*M. biceps bracbUM. brach Interna* [Verf. medianuMM, supinator longusM. pronator teresM. flex, carpi radialis M. flexor digitor. subllm. M. flex, pollicis longusberv. mediantu M. abductor poUic. opponens pollicis M. flex. poll, brev, M„ adductor pollfe bro»- Fig. 35.—Motor points in upper extremity. one may make the stimulating electrode either anode or cathode,and under these circumstances a marked difference is observedin the strength of the current that it is necessary to use toget a response. With the battery or galvanic current, in fact,one may distinguish four stimuli, the closing and the open-ing shock when the stimulating electrode is cathode and theclosing and the opening shock when it is anode. The con-tractions resulting from these four stimuli are designated usuallyas follows: The cathodol closing contraction, C C C; the cathodalopening contraction, C 0 C; the anodal closing contra
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