A text-book of clinical anatomy : for students and practitioners . may compress the latter,causing asphyxia. Below, the anterior portion of the mediastinum con-tains the heart and beginning of the large vessels. It is connectedwith the space between the outer and middle (previsceral) layers ofthe deep cervical fascia, and abscesses between these are liable to draininto it (from cervical glands, etc.). The posterior portion of the mediastinum lies behind the contains the esophagus, to each side of which are the vagi, descendingaorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct (Figs. 46 and 4
A text-book of clinical anatomy : for students and practitioners . may compress the latter,causing asphyxia. Below, the anterior portion of the mediastinum con-tains the heart and beginning of the large vessels. It is connectedwith the space between the outer and middle (previsceral) layers ofthe deep cervical fascia, and abscesses between these are liable to draininto it (from cervical glands, etc.). The posterior portion of the mediastinum lies behind the contains the esophagus, to each side of which are the vagi, descendingaorta, azygos vein, and thoracic duct (Figs. 46 and 49). The posteriorportion of the mediastinum communicates with the prevertebral spacein neck (Fig. 35). The entire mediastinum is occasionally the seatof sarcomata, causing marked pressure symptoms (varicose veins ofskin of thorax) and dyspnea. An obstruction of the venae cavae asthe result of such a tumor is relieved (Fig. 57) through a collateralcirculation established through the intercostal veins with the azygosand subclavian (through internal mammary) Fig. 71.—Relations of abdominal and thoracic viscera in a child of seven years. gland. 2, Outline of right pleura. 2, Left pleura. 3, Lower border of rightlung. 3, Lower border of left lung. 4, Upper border of liver. Note the large size of theliver in the child. 4, Lower border of liver. 5, Interlobar fissure between right upperand right middle lobes. 6, Interlobar fissure between right middle and right lower , Fissure between left upper and left lower lobes. 7, Gall-bladder. 8, Transversecolon. 9, Ascending colon and cecum (observe the relatively large size of cecum). 10,Descending colon, n, Appendix. 12, Internal abdominal ring. 13, External abdom-inal ring. P, Pericardium. 213 EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN IN THE LIVING. 215 THE ABDOMEN. The abdomen has, as its external limits, the costal arches, folds ofthe groin (inguinal), and crests of the ilia. These do not correspondto the internal limits, which
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