. Electric railway journal . converter was invented it was notedthat this machine did not spark like the ordinary directcurrent machine and it was found that the improve-ment was due to the collector rings which were eachconnected to the winding at a number of equipotentialpoints. Analysis showed that alternating currents cir-culated locally in the windings, of low power factor onaccount of the relatively high reactance. These cur-rents reacted on the poles, weakening the strong onesand strengthening the weak ones, thus equalizing thevoltage in the several armature paths. The applicationof equ
. Electric railway journal . converter was invented it was notedthat this machine did not spark like the ordinary directcurrent machine and it was found that the improve-ment was due to the collector rings which were eachconnected to the winding at a number of equipotentialpoints. Analysis showed that alternating currents cir-culated locally in the windings, of low power factor onaccount of the relatively high reactance. These cur-rents reacted on the poles, weakening the strong onesand strengthening the weak ones, thus equalizing thevoltage in the several armature paths. The applicationof equipotential or bonding rings to the multipolargenerator followed as a matter of course. It had thedesired effect, and destructive sparking largely becamea thing of the past. This early experience is mentioned here partly be-cause suggested by the new flash suppressor andpartly because it is well now and then to rememberhow much of present comfort we owe to the inventorsof the past. 892 Electric Railway Journal Vol. 51, No. 19. A FEW ELECTRIC RAILWAY FREIGHT STATIONS Fig-. 4.—Ft. Wayne & Northern Ind. Traction Co.—Ft .Wayne, 5.—Cleveland, Southwestern & Columbus Ry.—Cleveland, 6—Illinois Traction System—St. Louis, Mo. Fig. 1—Illinois Traction System—Springfield, 2—Michigan Railway—Grand Rapids, 3—Electric Package Agency—Cleveland, Ohio A 60-TON ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE AND TRAIN, WATERLOO, CEDAR FALLS & NORTHERN RAILWAY Electric Railways Are in a Positionto Haul More Freight IN THE MINDS ofour public and gov-ernment, the elec-tric railway is as-sociated only withthe transportationof This is de-plorable, since it meansthat thousands of miles oftrack are being used onlya very small portion of thetime and for only a frac-tion of their capacity in-stead of fully sharing theburden of carrying thegreatest freight movement in the history of American railroading. It is true thatthe steam railroads are best fitted for l
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