. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 598 WOLFGANG WIESER AND JOHN KANWISHER The survival period of one amphipod, Calliopius laeviuscitlus, was extremely short, certainly not more than 5 minutes at a temperature of 25° C. The other two species, Gammants oceanicus and Hyale prevosti, did considerably better, the survival period ranging from about half an hour of anaerobic stress to about three hours. There was no clear-cut relationship between survival time and the size of the animals. ANAEROBIC SURVIVAL AT 25°C. (MRS.) o — r\> w CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS GAMMAR
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 598 WOLFGANG WIESER AND JOHN KANWISHER The survival period of one amphipod, Calliopius laeviuscitlus, was extremely short, certainly not more than 5 minutes at a temperature of 25° C. The other two species, Gammants oceanicus and Hyale prevosti, did considerably better, the survival period ranging from about half an hour of anaerobic stress to about three hours. There was no clear-cut relationship between survival time and the size of the animals. ANAEROBIC SURVIVAL AT 25°C. (MRS.) o — r\> w CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS GAMMARUS OCEANICUS HYALE PREVOSTI T T T. I I FIGURE 3. Survival under anaerobic conditions of the three species of amphipods studied. The black part of each column indicates the time of anaerobiosis all individuals survived, the white part indicates ranges of variability of survival time. DISCUSSION The water analyses show plainly that animals living in the water trapped by large sea weeds at low tide may be subject to oxygen-free or almost oxygen-free conditions. Under extreme circumstances (very large clumps of algae, no light, high temperature) these conditions probably set in soon after the receding tide has uncovered the plants and may last for several hours. A drop in the oxygen content to 30% saturation value was found by Revelle and Emery (1958) in inter- tidal basins with algal growth at the bottom. Animals living in sea weeds react in different ways to the movements of the tides. As shown previously (Wieser, 1952), some animals remain in the sea weeds all the time while others (in Plymouth, England, copepods and the amphipod Stenothoe monoculoides) leave their habitat with the receding tide and return to it with the rising tide. To the former group, obviously, belong slow-mov- ing, non-swimming animals like the nematode and the mites studied in this paper. These species are adjusted to their environment by being able to withstand anaerobic conditions at 25° C. for
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