. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 146 A H SCHELTEMA AND C. SCHANDER. Figure 22. Copulatory spicules of Simrnihiella margaritacea (Koren & Damelssenl (see also Fig. 20C). (A. Bi growth stages. (A) from mm individual (voucher USNM 894263). (B) from individual iihtiii' >pulator\ spicules with those from the Kopervik voucher (F'ig. 22H) Elements ol copulatory spicules l .S. inur^urittifcn arc much like those in Krnppt>nn'nni /r\/s (l carlv teeth are similar to those in Kruppomenia and l'ln\\i'nui radulae, hut the ongnta! tooth in S innii'iiiinii i'
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 146 A H SCHELTEMA AND C. SCHANDER. Figure 22. Copulatory spicules of Simrnihiella margaritacea (Koren & Damelssenl (see also Fig. 20C). (A. Bi growth stages. (A) from mm individual (voucher USNM 894263). (B) from individual iihtiii' >pulator\ spicules with those from the Kopervik voucher (F'ig. 22H) Elements ol copulatory spicules l .S. inur^urittifcn arc much like those in Krnppt>nn'nni /r\/s (l carlv teeth are similar to those in Kruppomenia and l'ln\\i'nui radulae, hut the ongnta! tooth in S innii'iiiinii i'ii is a nondenticulate bar. not a triangle. I he radular teeth have not achieved full si/.e when they are first released from the radular sac into the pharynx (Figs. I IB. 21A). Additional growth must therefore take place at the distal end of the anteroventral pocket. Results of t'ladistic Analysis A single species in each of the 5 genera described here, plus a species with a monostichotis radula. / \raioherpiu incali Schellema ( IW^bi. were the subjects of a cladistic anahsis. Twenlv-six characters from an original set of 42 were selected for the analysis. The 16 excluded characters were uninformative in the present data set and included such autapomorphies as pohstichous and monostichous radulae (Dorymenia and Lyratoherpia, respective!)). Of the se- lected characters. 6 are associated with the radula, 5 with spicules. I 1 w ith soft-part anatomy, and 4 w ith body shape. The characters and their states are listed in Appendix 1. All characters were treated as unordered and were equallv weighted. Since the homolog\ of a number of characters is unknown or disputable, we chose to use presence-absence coding. This type of coding is simple and intuitive, and it has the added advantage that exact homologies between character states need not he known iPleijel. ll)95). The resulting phylogenetic trees were rooted by outgroup analysis (<•.#.. Nixon and Carpenter. 11W). with Helieo-
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
