. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . in the construction of a water-cooled are strongly advised not to purchase so-called water-cooled tubeswhen the water does not reach right do\\Ti to the back of the target,as such instruments simply omit the vital principle which renders the water-cooled tube so highly efficient. WTien the heat is generated by the impact on the target it is immediatelyimparted to the water, and the temperature of the target can therefore onlymomentarily exceed that of boiUng water—100° C. Apart from the efficiency of the cooUng system, the construction ofwate
. Radiography and radio-therapeutics . in the construction of a water-cooled are strongly advised not to purchase so-called water-cooled tubeswhen the water does not reach right do\\Ti to the back of the target,as such instruments simply omit the vital principle which renders the water-cooled tube so highly efficient. WTien the heat is generated by the impact on the target it is immediatelyimparted to the water, and the temperature of the target can therefore onlymomentarily exceed that of boiUng water—100° C. Apart from the efficiency of the cooUng system, the construction ofwater-cooled tubes renders them more satisfactory in other respects. Inthe first place it is possible to make the anti-cathode almost entirely ofplatinum, which means that there is practically no metal in the tube hkelyto give rise to violent changes of vacuum. The water-cooled tubes remaintherefore at approximately the same degree of hardness for very long great advantage in this respect cannot be over-estimated, and will. Fig. 42.—Water-cooled tube arranged for overheadwork. (Watson & Sons.) WATER-COOLED TUBES 59 appeal both to those who are domg continuous radiographic work, and tothose running tubes for long periods for therapeutic purposes. The latterpoint is of extreme importance for deep therapeutics. The employment of water as a cooUng medium is free from all objection,even from that of extra trouble in manipulation ; for if tubes, when notactually running, are stored in one of the excellent vertical holders now onthe market, it is not necessary even to empty the water bulb after use, andthe only extra attention entailed is the occasional replacing of the waterwhich may be lost by evaporation. The principal feature of water-cooled tubes is that they may be keptin continual use for hours, without any danger of over-heating and consequentsoftening. Further, they will withstand a much larger current than theordinary tube will take, and in fact the heavier mode
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