. English ironwork of the XVIIth & XVIIIth centuries; an historical & analytical account of the development of exterior smithcraft. ough comparativelylate they are of interest as survivals of the many of earlierdate and finer workmanship referred to by Halton. When in the eighteenth century it became the fashion formerchants and others to live away from their places of business,flumbers of substantial houses were built for them in the villagesand hamlets near town, now incorporated in the were mostly detached, and nearly always set back fromthe road with a courtyard in front, aff
. English ironwork of the XVIIth & XVIIIth centuries; an historical & analytical account of the development of exterior smithcraft. ough comparativelylate they are of interest as survivals of the many of earlierdate and finer workmanship referred to by Halton. When in the eighteenth century it became the fashion formerchants and others to live away from their places of business,flumbers of substantial houses were built for them in the villagesand hamlets near town, now incorporated in the were mostly detached, and nearly always set back fromthe road with a courtyard in front, affording endless opportunitiesfor iron gates and railings of moderate dimensions ; and manyblacksmiths must have set up to meet the demand in a businesswhich requires so small a capital. As the entrances were as arule only to admit pedestrians, single gates sufficed, of simple design ;their importance depended on the fixed side panels, tall pilastersand overthrows. Iron railings on low walls with stone copingi^formed the screen, not infrequently completed by brick or stone 142 English Ironwork of the XVIIth andXVIIIth Centuries. FIG. 51. HALL GATES TO THE INNER COURT OF THE FINE MANSION, NO. 102, LEADEN-STREET, DEMOLISHED IN 1876. FroM a Watercolour Drawing byJ. w. ARCHER, about 1850. London Gates 143 piers surmounted by balls, pine-apples, vases or crests. Suburbangates were no doubt produced by great smiths like Robinson,but probably they were more often the work of smaller men. Itis difficult to discover their makers and to group them, as in the•case of the more important earlier gates; for smiths in becomingnumerous became individually less important and less distinc-tive in their styles. Their traditions must have been largely?based on work executed for masters to whom all alike in thosedays had to serve apprenticeship. It is obvious that, as alreadymentioned, in London every smiths soon as fixed becomesopen to the inspection of rivals, so that ideas and designs ve
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