. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION 503 was described with a tongue free in front, as in Rhinophrynus. The genus is known only from the type. The Asiatic Pseudobufo is especially distinctive. It is a large, rough-skinned water toad (Fig. 163), known from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is distinguished by its extensively webbed toes and upwardly directed nostrils. The last genus in the subfamily is the common toad Bufo. The distribution of this genus is world-wide except for New Guinea, Polynesia, Australia, and Madagascar. As in the case of
. The biology of the amphibia. Amphibians. RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATION 503 was described with a tongue free in front, as in Rhinophrynus. The genus is known only from the type. The Asiatic Pseudobufo is especially distinctive. It is a large, rough-skinned water toad (Fig. 163), known from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is distinguished by its extensively webbed toes and upwardly directed nostrils. The last genus in the subfamily is the common toad Bufo. The distribution of this genus is world-wide except for New Guinea, Polynesia, Australia, and Madagascar. As in the case of Pseudobufo, its immediate relatives are unknown. It. Fig. 163.—Pseudobufo subasper, an aquatic toad of India. is not improbable, however, that Bufo descended from a toothed ancestor, for a tooth ridge develops in the tadpole, as shown by Oeder (1906). Bufo is distinguished from the other genera in the subfamily by a combination of characters: simple terminal phalanges, laterally directed nostrils, and partly webbed toes. Nevertheless, it seems to grade into both Nectophryne and Nectophrynoides. Some African species, such as B. preussi, have a smooth skin and possess an omosternum. Most species of Bufo lack the omosternum, are rough-skinned, and possess large para- toid glands. Bufo micronotus has the blunt, subspatulate ter- minal phalanges and the large eggs of Nectophrynoides, although it has the external appearance of a Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Noble, Gladwyn Kingsley, 1894-1940. New York : McGraw-Hill
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