. The orchids of New England; a popular monograph. Orchids. INTRODUCTION. with perpetual sterility. It is often deeply channelled, or has guiding ridges," .... often approaches the other divisions " closely enough to render the flower ; It is properly the upper petal, but a slight twist in the ovary or seed-vessel has turned the flower upside down, a change enabling insects to enter the flower more easily. " In most flowers, the stamens, or male organs, surround in a ring the female organs, called the pistils. In all common Orchids there is only one well-developed s
. The orchids of New England; a popular monograph. Orchids. INTRODUCTION. with perpetual sterility. It is often deeply channelled, or has guiding ridges," .... often approaches the other divisions " closely enough to render the flower ; It is properly the upper petal, but a slight twist in the ovary or seed-vessel has turned the flower upside down, a change enabling insects to enter the flower more easily. " In most flowers, the stamens, or male organs, surround in a ring the female organs, called the pistils. In all common Orchids there is only one well-developed stamen, which 'is con- fluent with the pistils and they form together the column. Ordinary stamens consist of a filament or supporting thread (not always seen in the Orchids) which carries the anther " and this is " a sort of case filled with a waxy or meal-like powder, called the pollen, which serves to fertilize the pistil/' " The anther is divided into two cells, which are very distinct in most Orchids, and appear in some species like two separate ; " Orchids properly have three pistils united together, the upper and anterior surfaces of two of which form the two stigmas. But the two are often com- pletely confluent so as to appear as Fig. 2.—Section of the Flower ; The grains of pollen, when de- of an Orchid. (From Darwin) -,i ,1 j- ,, «j 1 Pe Pe* Petals: Se, Se. Se. Sepals; posited on the stigma, " emit long XT O ' o tubes," and these penetrating the sur- face, " carry the contents of the grains down to the young seeds in the ovary," which, when mature, is "a i-celled, 3-valved pod, with innumerable minute seeds appearing like fine ; " The upper stigma is modified into an extraordinary organ called the rostellum> which in many Or- chids presents no resemblance to a true stigma. When mature, it either includes or is altogether formed of viscid ;. Sy $, Stigmas ; Sr, Stigma
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