. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 150 D. J. COLIGHLIN AND L C. ROME BLs" BLs" ANT-2 Red Pink MID Red pink o o Figure 3. Electromyograms from red (R) and pink (P) muscle at the ANT-2 and MID positions for a scup swimming at 10°C. Each trace is s long. BL = body length. In this fish, both pink and red muscle are recruited at a swimming speed of BL s~ ' at the MID position, although pink muscle recruitment is relatively weak. At the ANT-2 position, red muscle is weakly recruited at BL s '. but pink muscle is not recru
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 150 D. J. COLIGHLIN AND L C. ROME BLs" BLs" ANT-2 Red Pink MID Red pink o o Figure 3. Electromyograms from red (R) and pink (P) muscle at the ANT-2 and MID positions for a scup swimming at 10°C. Each trace is s long. BL = body length. In this fish, both pink and red muscle are recruited at a swimming speed of BL s~ ' at the MID position, although pink muscle recruitment is relatively weak. At the ANT-2 position, red muscle is weakly recruited at BL s '. but pink muscle is not recruited until BL s"1 (as determined by computer-driven burst analysis).. Swimming Speed (BL s"1) Figure 4. Phase difteren e t red and pink muscle for three longitu- dinal positions across the range of steady swimming speeds at 20°C. The difference in the timing of onset electromyographic activity in red and pink muscle during each length , • t ,. \, |e is expressed as a proportion of the period of one cycle. Positive values of relative phase indicated that red muscle is stimulated before pink i> iixcle during each length change cycle. (Rome et 1993; Coughlin and Rome. 1996), carp (van Leeuwen et ai, 1990), bass (Jayne and Lauder, 1995), and mackerel and saithe (Wardle and Videler, 1993). Alterna- tively, more elongate fish that swim with greater body curvature do not have a simultaneous offset of the red muscle electromyographic activity. Instead, the offset of red muscle activation progresses from anterior to posterior, just as the wave of the onset of activation progresses (Wardle et til., 1995; Hammond et al., 1998). Not enough is known about the nervous control of swimming muscle activity to explain the variety of aerobic fiber activation patterns seen in swimming fish. Phase of muscle activity Both red muscle and pink muscle are activated prior to muscle shortening for most swimming conditions, such that there is a negative phase shift of electro
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
