. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. TUNICATES AND MARINE POLLUTANTS 67 Table III hagocyticactivities, relative to nontreaiedcontrols, "I ninicute 4) Treatment In vitro Aquarium TBT(10Mg/D Cu() Creosote (1%) ± ± ; + ±; ± ±2 " 6-day exposure. a P> nontreated controls. 1 Mean phagocytic activity in nontreated controls = ± yeast ingested per hemocyte. = of control value, day 3) and returned to levels similar to control values after longer treatment times
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. TUNICATES AND MARINE POLLUTANTS 67 Table III hagocyticactivities, relative to nontreaiedcontrols, "I ninicute 4) Treatment In vitro Aquarium TBT(10Mg/D Cu() Creosote (1%) ± ± ; + ±; ± ±2 " 6-day exposure. a P> nontreated controls. 1 Mean phagocytic activity in nontreated controls = ± yeast ingested per hemocyte. = of control value, day 3) and returned to levels similar to control values after longer treatment times (creosote = 148% of control, 8 days; TBT = 105%. of con- trols, 9 days). Cvtotoxic activities after toxicant treatment Creosote was the only toxicant that significantly affected the cytotoxic activity of hemocytes toward either K562 or RRBC targets (Table IV). Exposure to creosote in aquaria inhibited cytotoxic activity toward K562 cells in a dose-dependent fashion (Fig. 4A). Treatment with 5% creosote for 8 days reduced cytotoxicity to levels that did not differ significantly from those of negative controls in which hemocytes and K562 cells were mixed at 4°C (P > ; Fig. 4A). Significant (P ). However, it was significantly greater than the cytotoxic activities evident among hemocytes taken from tunicates that had been exposed to 5% creo- sote continuously for 8 days ( specific cytotoxicity; £ 400- T3 0) '5 " 300- o o £ >, o CO 200- 100- o en CO — -&-— cresosote 24 h, in vitro creosote 2 day, aquarium TBT 24 h, in vitro TBT 3 day, aquarium 350 B 300- 250- 200- 150- 100 50 0 I 1 10 100 1000 creosote dose (%) / TBT (ug/l) creosote, 5% TBT, 10ug/L. T »- 1 2 4 6 8 10 period of exposure (days) Figure 3. Phagocytic activities (percentage of nontreated control values ± SEM. n > 4) of tunicate hemocytes that were (A) exposed to various doses of creosote or TBT overnight in vitro or harvested from tunicates that had been treated
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
