. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . VOLUME, Fig. 2. VOLUMEFig. 4. and gaseous states; and the first characteristicequation complete enough to take the solid stateinto account also, has yet to be proposed. When a body passes from one condition ofpressure and density to another, it either absorbsor emits heat, unless certain special conditionsare fulfilled. To avoid circumlocution, we mayspeak of it as always absorbing heat; the emis-sion of heat being consider


. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . VOLUME, Fig. 2. VOLUMEFig. 4. and gaseous states; and the first characteristicequation complete enough to take the solid stateinto account also, has yet to be proposed. When a body passes from one condition ofpressure and density to another, it either absorbsor emits heat, unless certain special conditionsare fulfilled. To avoid circumlocution, we mayspeak of it as always absorbing heat; the emis-sion of heat being considered to be merely a caseof negative absorption. Suppose, for example,that a body is in the state corresponding to A,in Fig. 2; and for definiteness let us supposethat the body under consideration is a gas,although the reasoning will apply equally well toa liquid or to a homogeneous, isotropic height of A above the horizontal referenceline then represents, on some convenient scale,the pressure to which each unit of the boundingsurface of the gas is exposed; and the distanceof A from the vertical reference line at the leftcorresponds, upon some other convenient scale,to the


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