Elements of comparative anatomy (1878) Elements of comparative anatomy elementsofcompar00gege Year: 1878 FORE-GUT OF VERTEBRATA. 559 fuses with the stomach, of which it forms two divisions. The first has the character of an enlarged fundus, and is known as the rumen or paunch (Fig. 315, I) ; it functions essentially as an organ for the reception of the large quantity of food that is ingested. Just below the cardia it is connected with the second division, the reticulum (II), which is succeeded by the psalterium (omasus) ; this third portion is wanting in the Tragulidas and Tylopoda. The last
Elements of comparative anatomy (1878) Elements of comparative anatomy elementsofcompar00gege Year: 1878 FORE-GUT OF VERTEBRATA. 559 fuses with the stomach, of which it forms two divisions. The first has the character of an enlarged fundus, and is known as the rumen or paunch (Fig. 315, I) ; it functions essentially as an organ for the reception of the large quantity of food that is ingested. Just below the cardia it is connected with the second division, the reticulum (II), which is succeeded by the psalterium (omasus) ; this third portion is wanting in the Tragulidas and Tylopoda. The last portion, which is formed from the pyloric part, is attached to this; it forms the abomasus, in the mucous membrane of which the rennet glands are placed. A groove (oesophageal groove) which leads from the oesophagus into the reticulum, and is shut off by a valvular pro- cess (Fig. 315, B s) from the first two divisions of the stomach, represents that portion of the oesophagus which has entered into the formation of the stomach, andformedthe first twopor- tions of that organ by bul- ging out on one side. Thanks to its presence the food that has passed from the reti- culum into the oesophagus, and from thence into the mouth, can be directly returned, after it has been sufficiently masticated, into the psalterium and abomasus, while, when the groove is open, the fodder passes easily into the paunch and reticulum. The influence of the food in determining the size of the various portions may be seen from the differences between the paunch and the abomasus at different periods of life. The abomasus is relatively large in the calf, while later on the paunch may be as much as ten times larger than the abomasus, and even more than that. Fig. 315. Stomach of an Antelope. A From in front. B Opened from behind, oe (Esopha- gus. /Rumen. //Reticulum. ///Psalterium. IV Abomasus. p Pylorus. s (Esophageal groove. Mid-gut. § 419. The mid-gut (small intestine) which is generally separated fro
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