. A treatise on nervous and mental diseases, for students and practitioners of medicine. 19 the spinal cord, and in the nuclei of the great or upper enlarged endof the cord which is known as the oblong sjoinal cord or medullaoblongata. Let us commence with a study of the anatomy of thecerebrum, and after that pass on to a study of the sub-lying portionsof the brain and spinal cord. I desire to say at the outset of this portion of my subject thatall my drawings, unless otherwise indicated, were made from actualfresh brains,^or relatively fresh brains that had been preserved fora day or two in a
. A treatise on nervous and mental diseases, for students and practitioners of medicine. 19 the spinal cord, and in the nuclei of the great or upper enlarged endof the cord which is known as the oblong sjoinal cord or medullaoblongata. Let us commence with a study of the anatomy of thecerebrum, and after that pass on to a study of the sub-lying portionsof the brain and spinal cord. I desire to say at the outset of this portion of my subject thatall my drawings, unless otherwise indicated, were made from actualfresh brains,^or relatively fresh brains that had been preserved fora day or two in a salty solution, or else from brains hardened inalcohol, and in some cases photographs or silver plates have beenmade of the brain and the drawings made from these. In everyinstance, therefore, the convolutions are exactly as found in thebrains. I am particular in calling attention to this point, becausein scarcely one of the text-books is use made of such fresh orhardened brains, the representations being generally by means of Fig. F. , PARIETAL F. m-FRONTAL F. PARIETO-OCCIPITAL T. f^ f nONTAL F , F/SYLVIUS 1%J-TEMPORAL F. Z!^ TEMPORAL F. Convolutions of the left hemisphere. diagrams. The result has been that most of the readers of bookshave become conversant with the convolutions only through dia-grams, and I anticipate, therefore, that critics who are not familiarwith actual brains will be surprised at the course of some of the con-volutions. Even Meynert, Ecker, Edinger and Schwalbe, whoare certainly indubitable authorities upon cranial anatomy, make usealmost entirely of diagrams. The truth of the matter is that the con-volutions vary so much in different brains that slight deviations fromthe usual course are of no importance, and it is very doubtful whetherwe know at the present time what really constitutes a pathologicaldeviation in the course of a fissure. The fissures of the brain are in the main very simple. In Fig. 1,whicji is the lateral surfa
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