. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. EPAXIAL MUSCLES AND ACANTHOMORPH RELATIONSHIPS 129 lack of parietal spines; Johnson & Patterson (1993: 579) considered and rejected a relationship between dactylop- terids and gasterosteiforms. The monotypic family Bathylu- tichthyidae was recently erected by Balushkin & Voskoboynikova (1990) and placed in the Scorpaeniformes (our Scorpaenoidei) largely on the basis of trend characters variably shared with some cottoid taxa. Although Bathylu- tichthys could have secondarily lost Type 1 epaxial insertions, its position in the Scorpaenoid
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. EPAXIAL MUSCLES AND ACANTHOMORPH RELATIONSHIPS 129 lack of parietal spines; Johnson & Patterson (1993: 579) considered and rejected a relationship between dactylop- terids and gasterosteiforms. The monotypic family Bathylu- tichthyidae was recently erected by Balushkin & Voskoboynikova (1990) and placed in the Scorpaeniformes (our Scorpaenoidei) largely on the basis of trend characters variably shared with some cottoid taxa. Although Bathylu- tichthys could have secondarily lost Type 1 epaxial insertions, its position in the Scorpaenoidei should be regarded as provisional. The condition of the parietal and supratemporal canal in Bathylutichthys could be informative, but requires investigation. Conversely, Mandrytsa (1991) has recently questioned the inclusion of the Pataecidae in the Scorpaenoidei (his Scor- paeniformes) based on a study of cephalic lateral-line struc- ture. We have examined specimens of two of the three pataecid genera (Aetapcus and Pataecus; Table 1) and found that they have a typical scorpaenoid Type 1 arrangement of their epaxial musculature, corroborating their current posi- tion in the suborder. Ishida's (1994) more detailed analysis of various myological and osteological characters also conclu- sively nests pataecids within the Scorpaenoidei (as the sister group of the Aploactidae). Winterbottom (1993) suggested a relationship of gobioids with the scorpaenoid family Hoplichthyidae, but this is not supported by our observations. Gobioids have no association of epaxial muscle with distal portions of the dorsal-fin ptery- giophores, whereas hoplichthyids exhibit a typical scor- paenoid Type 1 pattern. The shared Type 1 morphology in a subset of perciforms (blennioids, some cirrhitoids, Apogonidae, some Centropo- midae, Centrogeniidae, Champsodontidae, Cheimarrhich- thyidae, Grammatidae, Haemulidae, Percidae, and Serranidae) implies that closer relationships might exist among these taxa th
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