. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] TONKAWA 779 Mayeye, Yalwal). The Yojuane and Ma- yeye were apparently in part absorbed by the Tonkawain the latter part of the 18th centiirv. The Yakwal (Yakawana), re-. TONKAWA MAN membered in Tonkawa tradition (Gat- si'het, op. cit.), were very probably the Yojiiane. There was, besides these, a large group of lesser tribes on the border between theTonkawan andCoahuiltecan territories, notably the Sana, Eniet, Cavas, Toho, and Tohaha, who, we are told in positive terms by oomi)etent early wit- nesses, did not speak the Coahuiltecan language. There is strong pr
. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] TONKAWA 779 Mayeye, Yalwal). The Yojuane and Ma- yeye were apparently in part absorbed by the Tonkawain the latter part of the 18th centiirv. The Yakwal (Yakawana), re-. TONKAWA MAN membered in Tonkawa tradition (Gat- si'het, op. cit.), were very probably the Yojiiane. There was, besides these, a large group of lesser tribes on the border between theTonkawan andCoahuiltecan territories, notably the Sana, Eniet, Cavas, Toho, and Tohaha, who, we are told in positive terms by oomi)etent early wit- nesses, did not speak the Coahuiltecan language. There is strong probability that a study of the surviving fragments of their language will prove them also to have been Tonkawan (see N(U(/r). Some of the traditions of the Tonkawa point to an early residence on the (iulf coast, l)ut their language does not bear the marks of such a birthplace. Until the 19th century the Tonkawa were almost always hostile to the iJpan and other Apache tribes, and this fact kept them generally at peace with the Comanche, Wichita, and Hasinai, whom they often joined in Apache wars. They were usually frientlly also with the Bidai, Arkokisa, and Xaraname (Ara- nama) to the s., and with the numerous Coahuiltecan tril)es to the s. w. Rela- tions with the Comanche and Wichita were frequently strained, however, even during this period. In the 19th century relations with these groups were reversed, the Tonkawa then being usually friendly with the Lipan and hostile toward the Comanche and Wichita. When, about 1790, the Apache effected an alliance with the Bidai, Arkokisa, and Attacajia, the Tonkawa were brought into hostile relations with these tribes (Gil Ybarboto Gov. Mufioz, Mar. 22 and Apr. 26, 1791, ;MS. in Bexar Archives). Relations vitJi, French and Spanish.—In 1691 Francisco de Jesus Jlan'a unmistak- ably included this tribe and their asso- ciates, the Yojuane, in his list of enemies of the Hasinai, writing the names "Tan- quaav" and "Diujuan"
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