. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page 6 c. Fertility and maiuiring practises: d. Cultivation and cover crops. In a perfectly dormant tree, the order in which different tree structures are killed, depending upon the degree of cold and other factors is as follows: 1. A ring of wood next to the pith. 2. The pith. (These two are mostly found on twigs and small branches). 3. The youngest layer of wood next the cambium. 4. The woody cylinder. (Injury to the wood can be definitely detected by the dis- coloration produced even by slight injury that does not affect the vitality of the tree. The degree of
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page 6 c. Fertility and maiuiring practises: d. Cultivation and cover crops. In a perfectly dormant tree, the order in which different tree structures are killed, depending upon the degree of cold and other factors is as follows: 1. A ring of wood next to the pith. 2. The pith. (These two are mostly found on twigs and small branches). 3. The youngest layer of wood next the cambium. 4. The woody cylinder. (Injury to the wood can be definitely detected by the dis- coloration produced even by slight injury that does not affect the vitality of the tree. The degree of this discoloration can, in most cases, be taken as an index of the severity of the injury). 5. The fleshy bark. (This is often merely flecked or streaked, but in severe cases the entire bark finally dies and turns brown ). 6. The cambium. The degree of killing of fruit and leaf buds depends upon the hardiness of the buds and the species and variety of tree. Fruit buds of most species, when fully dor-- mant, are about as hardy as the woody cylinder and generally die only when the trees are quite badly blackened in the wood. But in the case of the plum, for instance, the fruit-buds may be killed by winter cold while the wood shows no in- jury. With the apple, on the other hand, the wood is severely injured before the buds are affected or the twigs are killed back. ' I ^HF cambium is one of the last struc- -â - tures to die in severe freezing weather, provided it is thoroughly dormant. But just under the cambium is the newest formed part of the wood, a ring of varying width. This is much more easily killed, and, showing as a black line in cross section, it is frequently mistaken for the cambium. However, when the least bit of growth has taken place on the cambium, or is not thoroughly dormant, it is likely to be the first thing killed. Likewise, in the case of fruit-buds, if they are the least bit swelled they are most susceptible to cold and very easily killed. Fruit-buds
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