A dictionary of Greek and Roman . Mythol. vol. ii. p. 52, &c.) [L. S.] CROTALUM (KporaXov), a kind of cymbal,erroneously supposed by some writers to be thesame with the sistrum. [Sistrum.] The mistakesof learned men on this point are refuted atlength by Lampe (De Cymh. Vet. i. 4, 5, 6). FromSuidas and the Scholiast on Aristophanes (Nubes,260), it appears to have been a split reed or cane,which clattered when shaken with the hand. Ac-cording to Eustathius (II. xi. 160), it was made ofshell and brass, as well as of wood. ClemensAlexandrinus further says that it was an inventionof t
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . Mythol. vol. ii. p. 52, &c.) [L. S.] CROTALUM (KporaXov), a kind of cymbal,erroneously supposed by some writers to be thesame with the sistrum. [Sistrum.] The mistakesof learned men on this point are refuted atlength by Lampe (De Cymh. Vet. i. 4, 5, 6). FromSuidas and the Scholiast on Aristophanes (Nubes,260), it appears to have been a split reed or cane,which clattered when shaken with the hand. Ac-cording to Eustathius (II. xi. 160), it was made ofshell and brass, as well as of wood. ClemensAlexandrinus further says that it was an inventionof the Sicilians. Women who played on the crotalum weretermed crotalistriae. Such was Virgils Copa (2), Crispum sub crotalo docta movere latus. The line alludes to the dance with crotala (similarto castanets), for which we have the additionaltestimony of Macrobius (Sat. ii. 10). The annexedwoodcut, taken from the drawing of an ancientmarble in Spons Miscellanea (sec. i. art. vi. fig. CRUX. 43), represents one of these crotaUsiriae The word KpordKov is often applied, by an easymetaphor, to a noisy talkative person. ( 448 ; Eurip. Cycl. 104.) [B. J.] CRUSTA. [Caelatura ; Chrysendeta ;Emblemata.] • CRUX (jTTavpSs, o-kJao^), an instrument ofcapital punishment, used by several ancient nations,especially the Romans and Carthaginians. Thewords (TTavp6ct> and GKoXoirifa are also applied toPersian and Egyptian punishments, but Casaubon(Eocer. Antibaron. xvi. 77) doubts whether theydescribe the Roman method of crucifixion. FromSeneca (Cons, ad Marc, xx., Epist. xiv. 1) welearn the latter to have been of two kinds, the lessusual sort being rather impalement than what weshould describe by the word crucifixion, as the crimi-nal was transfixed by a pole, which passed throughthe back and spine and came out at the mouth. The cross was of several kinds ; one in the shapeof an X, called crux Andreana, because traditionreports St. Andrew to have suffered upon it; an-ot
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