Elementary chemical microscopy elementarychemi00cham Year: 1921 42 ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL MICROSCOPY may be whose presence will be revealed by their diffraction patterns. When the upper limit of obliquity is reached the illuminators are usually designated as ultracondensers and the instruments to which they are attached are then known as ultramicroscopes. There is no sharp dividing line between ordinary dark-ground illumination and ultramicroscopic illu- mination; the one gradually merges into the other. In all ultra- microscopes we are dealing with dark-ground illumination, but, on the other h
Elementary chemical microscopy elementarychemi00cham Year: 1921 42 ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL MICROSCOPY may be whose presence will be revealed by their diffraction patterns. When the upper limit of obliquity is reached the illuminators are usually designated as ultracondensers and the instruments to which they are attached are then known as ultramicroscopes. There is no sharp dividing line between ordinary dark-ground illumination and ultramicroscopic illu- mination; the one gradually merges into the other. In all ultra- microscopes we are dealing with dark-ground illumination, but, on the other hand, few dark-ground illuminators yield light rays sufficiently oblique to demonstrate particles of ultramicroscopic size. Typical ultracondensers are shown in Fig. 19. A com- parison of the indicated light ray directions in these with those
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