. Modern and contemporary European history (1815-1921). captured about August 20, and the AustriansConquest were compelled to fall back on two great for-ofGahcia tresses, Jaroslav and Przemysl, both of whichwere, before the winter was over, forced to surrender tothe victorious Russians. By March, 1915, the latter weremasters of Galicia. To relieve the Russian pressure on the Austrians, Hin-denburg began a counter-offensive by invading Russians were strongly intrenched along German •-. • invasion of the Vistula River, at Novo Georgievsk, War-saw, and Ivangorod. Owing to vastly superi
. Modern and contemporary European history (1815-1921). captured about August 20, and the AustriansConquest were compelled to fall back on two great for-ofGahcia tresses, Jaroslav and Przemysl, both of whichwere, before the winter was over, forced to surrender tothe victorious Russians. By March, 1915, the latter weremasters of Galicia. To relieve the Russian pressure on the Austrians, Hin-denburg began a counter-offensive by invading Russians were strongly intrenched along German •-. • invasion of the Vistula River, at Novo Georgievsk, War-saw, and Ivangorod. Owing to vastly superiorequipment, Hindenburgs armies compelled the Rus-sian lines to fall back rapidly to escape from being en-trapped. Warsaw fell on August 4, 1915. Other importantcities fell into the hands of the Germans: Bielostok, Brest-Litovsk, Kovno, Grodno, and Vilna. The Germans pre-pared to march on Petrograd, but they were halted by theRussian trenches in front of Riga. It has been estimatedthat Hindenburgs drive cost the Russians about a THE WORLD WAR 729. THEEASTERN FRONT million and a half men, as well as an enormous quantity ofstores. In the meantime German and Austrian armies underGeneral von Mackensen were preparing drives „ i\. against the Russians in Galicia. During May- driven out June, 1915, a series of great battles was fought, the most important being that of San River, in which the 73Q MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Russians were again decisively beaten. They were drivenout of Galicia and were compelled to relinquish the greatstrongholds, Lemberg, Jaroslav, and Przemysl. Generalvon Mackensens popularity in Germany was now secondonly to that of Hindenburg. After the invasions andcounter-invasions in the East came to an end, the newbattle line in this region extended from the Gulf of Riga toCzernowitz, on the Rumanian frontier. Early in February, 1915, a bold and hazardous cam-paign was undertaken to capture Constantinople. The suc-Dardanelles cess of this campai
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublisherbosto, bookyear1922
