. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. LIOHEJUES. 303 has "succeeded many times"in finding gonidia so connected to the hyphse by more than one branch. 400.—With regard to the origin of gonidia, Fries asserts that the hypha-branches swell up at their ends, become glob- ular, and, after a while, filled with green contents.* He, however, does not speak of any observations of his own upon which he bases his statement. Berkeleyf likewise regards them as developed from the mycelium, but made no observa- tions which can be considered conclusive. Speerschneider's observations,! in 1
. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. LIOHEJUES. 303 has "succeeded many times"in finding gonidia so connected to the hyphse by more than one branch. 400.—With regard to the origin of gonidia, Fries asserts that the hypha-branches swell up at their ends, become glob- ular, and, after a while, filled with green contents.* He, however, does not speak of any observations of his own upon which he bases his statement. Berkeleyf likewise regards them as developed from the mycelium, but made no observa- tions which can be considered conclusive. Speerschneider's observations,! in 1853 to 1857, along with those of Bayr-. Kg. Z\0.—Mallotium (or L"p'ngiutJi) HUdenbrandii. a, Tertical section through the thallnsi, u, the under side, x IfO ; 6, portion of a very thin section near the under side, showine: three gonidia chains, two hyphse, a portion of the lower limitary tissue, and two large and several small hairs, which are organs of attachment, x 390.—After De Bary. ,§ some years earlier, appear to be, in reality, the ones upon which the view that gonidia develop from the hyphse depends ; their statements appear to have been accepted and repeated by lichenologists without sufficient inquiry. The other errors of observation and interpretation made by these observers render their testimony upon the question of the origin of the gonidia of doubtful value. Schwendener, :n. * " Liclienograpliia Scandinavica," 1871. f " Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany," 1857. X In Boianinehe Zeitung, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1857. § " Einiges iiber die Liclienen und deren Befruchtnng," Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bessey, Charles E. (Charles Edwin), 1845-1915. New York : H. Holt
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