. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 177 ning it except for feeding to stock. It is a footless maggot, one-fifth of an inch long, and changes to a pretty two-winged fly. It prefers the thin-skinned summer and fall apples to the winter varieties, but no varieties are exempt from attack. It has spread over the Eastern and Northern States, where it has become a very serious pest, and is sometimes called the "railroad ; The flies begin to appear early in s
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 177 ning it except for feeding to stock. It is a footless maggot, one-fifth of an inch long, and changes to a pretty two-winged fly. It prefers the thin-skinned summer and fall apples to the winter varieties, but no varieties are exempt from attack. It has spread over the Eastern and Northern States, where it has become a very serious pest, and is sometimes called the "railroad ; The flies begin to appear early in summer and insert their eggs through the skin of the partially grown apples. The fact that the maggots rarely, if ever, leave the fruit while it remains on the tree affords practically the only vul- nerable place in the insect's life. After the apple falls or is picked, the full-grown maggots crawl out and change to the pupal state in the ground, or in the receptacles in which the fruit may be stored. It hibernates in the pupal stage. The insect is thus out of the reach of the spraying pump, and the most efficient remedy is to turn sheep or other stock into the or- chard, which will devour the fruit as soon as it falls, or to pick up at once and feed out or bury deeply the fallen fruit in gar- dens. The Affile-Worm or Codling-Moth {Carpocapsa pomonella).— This insect has become the most formidable enemy of the apple in the United States. It also does much damage to the pear, and rarely attacks some of the stone-fruits. In many orchards it ruins nearly the whole crop. " Wormy " apples, most of which are caused by this insect, have been mentioned in agricultural writings as far back as the time of Cato, nearly two hundred years before the Christian era. The insect is now a cosmopolitan pest, occurring in nearly every corner of the globe where apples are cultivated. It doubtless appeared 12. Fig. 242. male; -Apple Maggot.—3, Fe. 5, male; c, maggot. (After Harvey.). Pl
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