. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. 274 CHARADRIIFORMES the Piinged Plover. Ae. seinipabnata, with a distinct web between the outer and middle toes, replaces the latter in North America, ranging in winter to Peru and Brazil; whereas Ae. placida repre- sents it in China, Japan, and India. The place of the Kentish Plover is taken in western North America by Ae. nivosa—with white lores instead of black—which migrates to Chili. Ae. vocl- fera, termed " Kill-deer " from its cry, inhabits North America, and extends in winter to northern South America, while it has been shot even in t
. The Cambridge natural history. Zoology. 274 CHARADRIIFORMES the Piinged Plover. Ae. seinipabnata, with a distinct web between the outer and middle toes, replaces the latter in North America, ranging in winter to Peru and Brazil; whereas Ae. placida repre- sents it in China, Japan, and India. The place of the Kentish Plover is taken in western North America by Ae. nivosa—with white lores instead of black—which migrates to Chili. Ae. vocl- fera, termed " Kill-deer " from its cry, inhabits North America, and extends in winter to northern South America, while it has been shot even in the Scilly Islands; the lores are brown, and the fore-neck exhibits two black bands. It nests in the interior on grass or ploughed fields. In Ae. monacJuis of Southern Australia, the breeding male has a perfectly black head; in Ae. asiatica of Central Asia, which has wandered to Britain, the head is brown, and the breast shews a black-edged chestnut band, somewhat similar to that in Ae. hicincta of the Australian Eegion, and other species; Ae. bifrontata of Madagascar has grey lores, and two black bands on the breast. Space fails to mention all the species of this large three-toed genus; but Ae. (Thinornis) novae zealandiae of the New Zealand area, Ae. falklandica of America from Chili and Argentina southwards, and Ae. sanctae helenae, the " Wire- bird " peculiar to St. Helena, should be noticed. Anarliynclius frontalis, the Wry-bill of New Zealand, is grey, with a black gorget and whitish lower parts ; the habits are as in Aefjia- litis, but the laterally- twisted bill enables the liird to pick up insects from around stones with the greatest ease. Thirteen species may perhaps be included in LoMvanelhis (Wattled Lapwing); but here, as in the next genus, Van- ellus, there are many diversities of opinion. The two groups are fairly similar in habits, nests, and eggs. Some have a hallux, some not. L. pectoralis of Australia and Tasmania, L. indicus, ranging from Arabia
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