Manual of military engineering . machinery (Fig, 4). This key is slightly wedge-shaped,and is driven firmly into the gap in the chair at the sideof the rail. Rails may be ke3ed on the outside or inside. 331. Flat-footed rails are generally connected directly withthe sleepers by dog-spikes, or with the interveutiou ofhearivg-plates. 332. Ballast is broken scone or other suitable materialplaced on the formation level, on which the sleepers rest,and with which they are packed to the proper levelor inclination. The objects of ballast are:— i. To distribute the pressure imparted to it by thesleeper


Manual of military engineering . machinery (Fig, 4). This key is slightly wedge-shaped,and is driven firmly into the gap in the chair at the sideof the rail. Rails may be ke3ed on the outside or inside. 331. Flat-footed rails are generally connected directly withthe sleepers by dog-spikes, or with the interveutiou ofhearivg-plates. 332. Ballast is broken scone or other suitable materialplaced on the formation level, on which the sleepers rest,and with which they are packed to the proper levelor inclination. The objects of ballast are:— i. To distribute the pressure imparted to it by thesleepers over a larger area. PZoJUSl RAILWAYS >Y7. Sr—Z^. O^..


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