. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. XLvni] PITYANTHUS 395 evidence of submerged forests and,_as we ascend the scale, the records become more legible and the prehistoric merges into the historic era. A cone apparently identical with the Spruce Fir (Picea excelsa) found in the Pre- glacial beds on the Norfolk^ coast (fig. 787) is a relic of the flora which existed in England when the Rhine after receiving 'many large tributariesânow separate riversâseems to have flowed across the present bed of the North Sea.' The same species is recorded from Pliocene beds on the
. Fossil plants : for students of botany and geology . Paleobotany. XLvni] PITYANTHUS 395 evidence of submerged forests and,_as we ascend the scale, the records become more legible and the prehistoric merges into the historic era. A cone apparently identical with the Spruce Fir (Picea excelsa) found in the Pre- glacial beds on the Norfolk^ coast (fig. 787) is a relic of the flora which existed in England when the Rhine after receiving 'many large tributariesânow separate riversâseems to have flowed across the present bed of the North Sea.' The same species is recorded from Pliocene beds on the Dutch-Prussian frontier, also from the valleys of the Main and Neckar, the speci- mens from the latter locality being referred by Gllick^ to Picea excelsa var. alpestris. Sernander^ has discussed the past history .of Picea in Scandinavia and quotes records of the occurrence of the genus in other parts of Europe. Similar instances of the wider range of Abietineous genera are given by Berry* and other authors who have-r, ââ., n- , t, , ., . J'lf'- 787. Picea excelsa. From described Pleistocene plants in North Pre-glacial beds at Mun- America. From the facts at present avail- desley, Norfolk. (After able it would seem that Pinus and allied ^^''^'' ''^*- 'â '"â¢> genera were more abundantly represented in the Tertiary and Post- Tertiary floras in Europe than in American strata of the same age. PITYANTHUS. Nathorst. Pityanihus granulatus (Heer). This species, described by Heer* from the Patoot (Cretaceous) beds in Greenland as Ofhioglossum granulalum and afterwards described by Newberry® from the Amboy clays, has recently been identified by Dr Stopes' as a long miorostrobilus of some Abietineous Conifer, probably a 1 Reid, C. and E. M. (08) PI. xv. fig. 147. ^ Gliick (02). ' Seruander (93). See also Andersson (10) and W. B. Wriglit (14) for excellent summaries of Pleistocene history. * Berry (07); (10»); PenhaUow (04). ^ Heer (83) PI. Lvii. fig^. 8. 9.
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