. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE LXII. RED OAK. 1. Flowering branch with immature leaves, (s) stamiiiate blossoms, (p) pistillate hlo^soins, (i> immature acorns, x i. 2. A staminate flower, enlarged. 3. A j»istillat;^ flower, enlargetl. 4. Branch with mature leaves, M) immature acorns, nn) mature acorns, x 4 5. Winter twig with immature acorns, buds, and leaf-siars, x i. a. An immature acorn, enlarged. 7. An acorn cup, z i. 8. An acorn, x i. 9. Section of a twig, enlarged. 10, A bud-scale, enlarged. 139 RED OAK. Quercus rubra, Linnaeus. F
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE LXII. RED OAK. 1. Flowering branch with immature leaves, (s) stamiiiate blossoms, (p) pistillate hlo^soins, (i> immature acorns, x i. 2. A staminate flower, enlarged. 3. A j»istillat;^ flower, enlargetl. 4. Branch with mature leaves, M) immature acorns, nn) mature acorns, x 4 5. Winter twig with immature acorns, buds, and leaf-siars, x i. a. An immature acorn, enlarged. 7. An acorn cup, z i. 8. An acorn, x i. 9. Section of a twig, enlarged. 10, A bud-scale, enlarged. 139 RED OAK. Quercus rubra, Linnaeus. FORM—One of the largeBt forest trees of the Northern States, asnally attaining a height of 70-90 ft. with a diameter of 2-4 ft. but occasionally reaching a height of 160 ft. with a diameter of 5 feet. When grown in the open has a short trunk and a broad symmetrical crown; in dense forest stands the trunk is straight, clean and continuous bearing a small, narrow crown. The straight ascending and clean branches of the crown are characteristic. BARK—On young stems and branches smooth, gray to brown; on older trunks it is thick, slowly broken up by shallow fissures Into regular, continuous, dark-brown and distinctly flat- topped ridges. Trunks above 8 ft. lu diameter are often very rough near the base, having lost the characteristic flat-topped ridges which are, however, retained higher up on the stem. See Fig. 72. TWIGS—Rather slender, smooth, greenish-brown to dark brown, covered with pale indistinct lenticels; pith star-shaped. BTTDS—Alternate, ovoid, 1/6-1/8 of an Inch long, widest part near middle, narrowed up- ward to a sharp point, light brown, and free from woolly covering. Bud-scales numerous, overlapping, light brown, slightly longitudinally-strlate, with slightly pubescent margins. LEAVER—Alternate, simple oval to obovate in outline, 5-9 inches long, 4-6 Inches wide, 7-9-lobed, with sinuses extending half-way to the midrib and separating ascending lobes with en
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