. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. SOUTHERN AFRICAN RAJIDAE (CHONDRICHTHYES, BATOIDEl] 37 or the distal end may be fused to the expanded terminal end of the axial cartilage, as in Raja doutrei and R. lanceorostrata (Figs 20 a-b, 31, 32). The dorsal terminal 3 cartilage in Bathyraja smithii (Fig. 18 a) is not firmly attached to the bluntly pointed axial. However, it is tightly bonded to the dorsal terminal 2 along its inner lateral margin, while its somewhat thickened, outer lateral edge forms the ridge in the clasper glans. The dorsal
. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. SOUTHERN AFRICAN RAJIDAE (CHONDRICHTHYES, BATOIDEl] 37 or the distal end may be fused to the expanded terminal end of the axial cartilage, as in Raja doutrei and R. lanceorostrata (Figs 20 a-b, 31, 32). The dorsal terminal 3 cartilage in Bathyraja smithii (Fig. 18 a) is not firmly attached to the bluntly pointed axial. However, it is tightly bonded to the dorsal terminal 2 along its inner lateral margin, while its somewhat thickened, outer lateral edge forms the ridge in the clasper glans. The dorsal terminal 3 in Raja lanceorostrata and R. doutrei (Figs 20 a, b) is flat and spatulate, and arises either from the terminal bridge {R. doutrei) or directly from the dorsal terminal 2 [R. lanceorostrata). The 'free-ended' dorsal terminal 3 species consist of two groups: (i) the distal region of the cartilage is curved laterally outward in a sharp point, forming the spur in Raja radiata and R. wallacei (Figs 34, 35); (ii) the cartilage is straight, and the free end is bluntly pointed, as in R. caudaspinosa, R. confundens^ R. dissimilis, and R. leopardus (Figs 36-39). In the latter group the cartilage forms the outer lateral border of the distal cleft. In Rhinobatos annulatus (Fig. 20 j) the dorsal terminal 3 is simple, while in Myliobatis cervus (Fig. 19 d) the cartilage is flat and attached along its inner lateral margin to the dorsal terminal 2 (Fig. 46), as in Bathyraja smithii. A spur is formed by the dorsal terminal 3 in Anacanthobatis marmoratus (Fig. 20 k). (7) dorsal terminal 4 cartilage This cartilage is present only in Raja alba, R. radiata, R. dissimilis, R. cauda- spinosa, R. confundens, R. leopardus and R. wallacei cf R. fyllae, R. fullonica (Stehmann 1970)—see discussion. In all these species, the dorsal terminal 4 attaches the dorsal terminal 3 to the axial, so completing the dorsal framework. On the basis of the attachment of the dorsal terminal 4 to the dorsal
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