The second school year; a course of study with detailed selection of lesson material, arranged by months, and correlated . haps have fallen off,leaving scars that make the branch rough. 3 Two, three or five leaves in a group, held to- gether by brownish cup at base. 4 Bundles grow out from all sides of twig, so that needles point in all directions. 5 Needles two or three inches long; green, each flattened a little on side toward next needleand rounded on other side. Pointed, thick,and tough. 6 Compare with leaves of other trees. IV Cones—position: Near top of tree toward ends of branches. V Sc
The second school year; a course of study with detailed selection of lesson material, arranged by months, and correlated . haps have fallen off,leaving scars that make the branch rough. 3 Two, three or five leaves in a group, held to- gether by brownish cup at base. 4 Bundles grow out from all sides of twig, so that needles point in all directions. 5 Needles two or three inches long; green, each flattened a little on side toward next needleand rounded on other side. Pointed, thick,and tough. 6 Compare with leaves of other trees. IV Cones—position: Near top of tree toward ends of branches. V Scales. 1 Arrangement. 2 Find the seeds—two at the base of each scale. How do they get to the ground ? Wing. 3 Notice the gummy substance sealing up the scales. VI Use of the pine tree. 1 Beauty. 2 Protection. (/ Rows of pines planted to protect a house from Furnish protection and homes for birds and animals. 3 Food. California pine nuts used as food. The seeds food for birds. 112 THE SECOND SCHOOL YEAR Resin or crude turpentine. a Spirits of turpentine, made from Tar, obtained from the PITCH PINE 5 Lumber. a Matches; kindUng; window frames;boxes. General building purposes. h Notice grain of wood. Soft or hardwood. c Best lumber from trees at least a hun-dred years old. 6 Christmas trees: America, Germany, Nor- way. DECEMBER—NATURE STUDY 113 OTHER EVERGREENS I Spruce. 1 Shorter leaves, growing singly from all sides of the branches. 2 Use: In manufacture of paper, and for lum- ber. II Hemlock. 1 Leaves short and flat, silvery underneath. Grow on opposite sides of branch. 2 Use: Lumber. Bark used for tanning leather. HOLLY AN EVERGREEN In the North, it is rare and quite small. In the South it grows from thirty to fifty feet high, aslender tree, tapering toward the top. The bark is light gray. The young branches are green, covered with a rustycoating of down; later they become smooth and brown. The leaves are tough, deep green, and glossy, havmga
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