. Cooperative economic insect report. Beneficial insects; Insect pests. - 786 - Hosts: Pine, Atlas cedar and larch, with pine being the most important host. Life History and Habits: Moth flights occur from late May to August with the mass flights in the middle of July. There is normally only one generation a year but some larvae may overwinter twice. Females deposit from 200 to 300 eggs in batches of 20 to 150 on pine needles, thin twigs and in other locations, especially when moths are abundant. Larvae hatch in 1 to 5 weeks, depending on area, and begin feeding on the needles. There are usual
. Cooperative economic insect report. Beneficial insects; Insect pests. - 786 - Hosts: Pine, Atlas cedar and larch, with pine being the most important host. Life History and Habits: Moth flights occur from late May to August with the mass flights in the middle of July. There is normally only one generation a year but some larvae may overwinter twice. Females deposit from 200 to 300 eggs in batches of 20 to 150 on pine needles, thin twigs and in other locations, especially when moths are abundant. Larvae hatch in 1 to 5 weeks, depending on area, and begin feeding on the needles. There are usually 5 instars in Italy and the larval period lasts from 50 - 70 days. Observations near Potsdam, Germany, indicate the larvae feed regularly, night or day, within temperature range of 42 to 75° F. The larvae may crawl for comparatively long distances. In Bohemia they hibernate in the ground under moss and are not affected by temperatures as low as -22° F. On Lussin Island they overwinter on the trees. The larvae emerge from hibernation over a period of about two weeks in the early spring and pupation occurs in early summer. The pupal stage lasts from 20 to 30 days, generally. Description: Adult female expanse is 70 to 80 mm. with male 50 to 60 mm. Color- ing is greatly variable. Forewing is mostly reddish-gray with a gray, yellow or red-brown sinuous crossband and a crescent-shaped white spot. Hindwing is reddish- gray to red-brown. Male generally darker than female and has pectinate antennae. The elliptical eggs are blue-green at first, later turning gray-brown. Ground color of larva is varied: black-brown, brown, yellow, gray or white with heavy pubescence. Two velvety steel-blue vertical stripes are on middle of second- and third-thoracic segments and a light saddle spot on fourth and fifth abdominal segments are typical of the species. Black, white and brown markings are drawn along the body. Larvae overwintering the first time average 26 to 30 mm. in length while those pa
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