Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . 1770, and although thesavage natives prevented any extensive inland explorations,he claimed the whole coast-line as British territory. Convictsettlements were begun in 1788. These convicts in timebecame free, and together with their children and freeemigrants, formed the beginning of a colony. In those daysmen were transported from Britain for comparatively trivialoffences, and these convicts were not necessarily men ofvicious or criminal desires. In
Ontario Public School History of England : Authorized by the Minister of Education for Ontario for Use in Forms IV and V of the Public Schools . 1770, and although thesavage natives prevented any extensive inland explorations,he claimed the whole coast-line as British territory. Convictsettlements were begun in 1788. These convicts in timebecame free, and together with their children and freeemigrants, formed the beginning of a colony. In those daysmen were transported from Britain for comparatively trivialoffences, and these convicts were not necessarily men ofvicious or criminal desires. In many cases they needed onlyan opportunity to become good citizens. In 1803 Lieutenant Macarthur tried an experiment whichshowed that Australia was admirably adapted to sheep-farming. He brought Merino sheep from Cape Colony,and soon thousands of flocks were grazing on the 1851 gold was discovered, and settlers rushed in fromevery quarter of the globe. In 1864 Britain finally aban-doned the island as a penal colony. Strong self-governingcolonies were established, each with a governor from themotherland. THE BRITISH EMPIRE 299. Sir Henry Parkes In 1901, largely through the efforts of Sir Henry Parkes,the six Australian colonies, New South Wales, Queensland,Victoria, South Australia,West Australia, and theisland of Tasmania, wereunited in a federal unioncalled the Commonwealthof Australia. The popu-lation of this Commonwealthis about four millions. 284. The Dominion of NewZealand.—This dominionconsists of a group of islandssituated about twelve hun-dred miles south-east ofAustralia. The first Britishsettlements were made in1839, and for many yearsafterwards the native Maoriskept the colonists in constant alarm. In recent years therehas been no conflict, and now four Maori members sit inthe New Zealand Parliament. New Zealand, like Canada, isone of the self-governing Dominions. Its population isabout one million. 285. The Union of South Africa.—It is now a centurys
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