All the western states and territories . led, and a few others in thevicinity. Col. Price, on receiving the intelligence, marched from Santa Fe, metand defeated the insurrectionists in several engagements in the valley, with a lossof about three hundred. The Americans lost in killed and wounded about of the insurrectionists were executed. f New Mexico was ceded to the United States by the treaties with Mexico of 1848and of 1854. The cession of 1854 included that narrow strip of territory southof the Gila and west of the Jlio Grande, known as the Gadsden Purchase, orArizona. In 18
All the western states and territories . led, and a few others in thevicinity. Col. Price, on receiving the intelligence, marched from Santa Fe, metand defeated the insurrectionists in several engagements in the valley, with a lossof about three hundred. The Americans lost in killed and wounded about of the insurrectionists were executed. f New Mexico was ceded to the United States by the treaties with Mexico of 1848and of 1854. The cession of 1854 included that narrow strip of territory southof the Gila and west of the Jlio Grande, known as the Gadsden Purchase, orArizona. In 1850, a territorial government was established over New Mexico. NEW MEXICO TERRITORY. 551 The present American territory of New Mexico comprises but a smallpart of the original Spjinish province of that name. This territory, con-sidered as a whole, is a region of high table lands, crossed by moun-tain ranges, and barren to the last degree. It has scai-cc a siiiiile wa-ter communication of consequence with the rest of the world. The famous. The Giant Cactus. Piio Grande is shallow, full of sand bars, and at times almost too low to floatan Indian canoe. Many of the streams run in deep, frightful chasms, downwhich it is impossible, for days of travel, to penetrate. There is not enoughfertile land ever to support any but a slight agricultural population, and ver}little timber excepting the mesquit—a thorny, disagreeable tree, that doesmost of its growing underground: its roots being multitudinous, twistingand burrowing in all directions, and of no use but for fuel. Beside this isthe cactus, in many varieties, that shown in the engraving being confinedwithin narrow lines of latitude. Mescal, a kind of whisky, of a most pun-gent, acrid flavor, is made from some varieties of this plant. The climate of New Mexico is unsurpassingly pure and healthy. A sultry dayis very rare. The summer nights are cool and pleasant. The winters are long,but uniform, and the atmosphere of an extraordinary
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