. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. A STUDY OF HEART-ROT IN WESTERN HEMLOCK. 11 can not be used to express this relation, since it varies with all the factors influencing the progress of the decay. As a rule, it would be safe to add to the linear estimate of the cull 1^ feet beyond the last recognizable punky area or area showing the slightest yellowish dis- coloration. The typical rot (figs. 4, 8, and 9) is readily recognizable and has a characteristic reddish brown to brownish yellow color, often spotted with areas of a more vivid rust color and occasi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. A STUDY OF HEART-ROT IN WESTERN HEMLOCK. 11 can not be used to express this relation, since it varies with all the factors influencing the progress of the decay. As a rule, it would be safe to add to the linear estimate of the cull 1^ feet beyond the last recognizable punky area or area showing the slightest yellowish dis- coloration. The typical rot (figs. 4, 8, and 9) is readily recognizable and has a characteristic reddish brown to brownish yellow color, often spotted with areas of a more vivid rust color and occasionally showing streaks or Hnes of a dark red to reddish brown hue. Its texture is very pronomiced and this, combined with its color, forms the basis for the scaler's common name for the defect ''stringy ; In the last stages of decay the heartwood is entirely disorganized, giving place to large cavities in the butt logs and some- times in the logs above. The stringy nature of the rot can be readily seen in this stage and also in-the ends of logs badly but not hollow. Fig. 8.—Longitudinal section of Un old sporophore of EcMnodontium tinctorium on hemlock, showing its relation to branch stubs. rotted, especially in the grass-stubble effect (figs. 4 and 10) produced by the sawing. The brick-red color of the sporophores is often found distributed through the typical rot and in the branch stubs in the final stages of decay. AREAS STUDIED AND FIELD METHODS USED. The areas selected for study lie in the drainage basin of the Priest River in Idaho. Throughout this region western hemlock is rather evenly distributed, extending downward from the sub alpine zone into the upper limits of the yellow-pine zone. The species attains its best development on damp north slopes and is found greatly suppressed when growing as an understory in the dense bottom stands. One of the factors promoting the development of forest-tree fungi of the region is the high annual precipitation. The
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