. Bulletin. Forests and forestry -- United States. 60 TIMBER. describing shades of color. The same is true of statements of size, when relative, and not accurately measured, while weight and hard- ness can perhaps be more readily approximated. Whether any feature is distinctly or only indistinctly seen will also depend somewhat on individual eyesight, opinion, or practice. In some cases the resemblance of different species is so close that only one other expedient will make distinction possible, namely, a knowledge of the region from which the wood has come. We know, for instance, that no long
. Bulletin. Forests and forestry -- United States. 60 TIMBER. describing shades of color. The same is true of statements of size, when relative, and not accurately measured, while weight and hard- ness can perhaps be more readily approximated. Whether any feature is distinctly or only indistinctly seen will also depend somewhat on individual eyesight, opinion, or practice. In some cases the resemblance of different species is so close that only one other expedient will make distinction possible, namely, a knowledge of the region from which the wood has come. We know, for instance, that no longleaf pine grows in Arkansas and that no white pine can come from Alabama, and we can separate the white cedar, giant arbor vitas of the West and the arbor vitas of the Northeast, only by the difference of the locality from which the specimen comes. With all these limitations properly appreci- ated, the key will be found helpful toward greater familiarity with the woods which are more commonly met with. The features which have been utilized in the key and with which— their names as well as their appearance—therefore, the reader must famil- iarize himself before attempting to use the key, are mostly described as they appear in cross section. They are: (1) Sap wood and heartwood (see p. 13), the former being the wood from the outer and the latter from the inner part of the tree. In some ar-i. —" Non-porous" woods. A, fir; B, "hard" pine; O, soft pine; ar, annual ring; o. e., outer edge of ring: i. e, inner edge of ring; s. w., summer wood; sp. w, spring wood; rd, resin ducts. cases they differ only in shade, and in others in kind of color, the heart- wood exhibiting either a darker shade or a pronounced color. Since one can not always have the two together, or be certain whether he has sapwood or heartwood, reliance upon this feature is, to be sure, unsat- isfactory, yet sometimes it is the only general characteristic that can be relied upon. If fu
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