Fridtiof Nansen, 1861-1893 . ELLING CARLSEN into unknown waters than they would have done merely forthe sake of hunting. We may begin our record of Norwegian discoveries inthe Polar Sea with the year 1859. In that year CaptainElling Carlsen ^ was seal-hunting in the brig Jan Mayen eastof Spitzbergen at some distance from the islands which ^ Bom in Tromso in 1819. He afterwards took part as Ice-Master in theAustrian polar expedition of 1872-74. CONTRIBUTIONS OF NORWEGIANS TO ARCTIC GEOGRAPHY 265 form the eastern shore of Storfiord. Carlsen was accom-panied by another well-known Arctic sailor, S
Fridtiof Nansen, 1861-1893 . ELLING CARLSEN into unknown waters than they would have done merely forthe sake of hunting. We may begin our record of Norwegian discoveries inthe Polar Sea with the year 1859. In that year CaptainElling Carlsen ^ was seal-hunting in the brig Jan Mayen eastof Spitzbergen at some distance from the islands which ^ Bom in Tromso in 1819. He afterwards took part as Ice-Master in theAustrian polar expedition of 1872-74. CONTRIBUTIONS OF NORWEGIANS TO ARCTIC GEOGRAPHY 265 form the eastern shore of Storfiord. Carlsen was accom-panied by another well-known Arctic sailor, Sivert Tobiesen.^On July 21, 1859, Carlsen sighted land to the north, and onthe 22nd he was only two miles south of this land, whichhas afterwards proved to be part of the group of islandsknown by the name of King Charles Land. It is probablethat they had already been sighted in 1617 by an English-man, Thomas Edge, who had given them the name of Wilkes. SIVEKT KEISTIAN TOBIESEN Land. This discovery had, however, disappeared from thecharts and fallen into almost total oblivion, so that Carlsensobservation was in effect a new discovery. In 1863 Carlsen, again in company with Tobiesen andon board the Jan Mayen, did what no one had previouslydone in historic times, and circumnavigated the whole Spitz-bergen group of islands. After sailing along the west coast ^ Born in Tromso in 1821, died on Nova Zembla in 1873. 26G LIFE OF FEIDTIOF NANSEN and north coast and through Hinlopen Strait to the southcoast of the North-East Island, he was forced by the ice toput about on July 27, sailed back through Hinlopen Strait,and then turned eastward, touched upon the Seven Islands,and beat up on August 5 arid 6 to about 81° N. lat. OnAugust 13 he skirted along the glacier, and passed thenorth-east point of North-east Island, which has since beencalled Cape Leigh-Smith. On the 14th he passed betweenGreat Island and the glacier. On the 16th he sighted l
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